Which of the following words describes the process of organisms having traits passed down from their parents?

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An explorer finds two islands in the Pacific Ocean with very different terrains and climates. One island is wet and full of plants and fruit, whereas the other is dry and barren except for a few plants that grow edible seeds with very hard shells. Nevertheless, she finds birds on the two islands that have many similar traits.   
 


Which of the following words describes the process of organisms having traits passed down from their parents?