Freedom Movements In Jharkhand (Jharkhand GK In English)

Movement for India's Independence in Jharkhand

▸ The exploitative policy of the British towards Indian gave rise to immense dissatisfaction among the people of Jharkhand and they took part in different movements for India's Independence.
▸ The Congress played an active role in spreading the Freedom Movement in most of the area of Jharkhand.
▸ One of the important leader was Nirmal Chandra Banerjee, who took the initiative in this direction in 1913. He played his role in pasting the handbills concerning with freedom struggle at many areas and the same was done by Christo Rai.
▸ St Columbus College became the main centre of freedom movement in Hazaribagh. Many students took part in this movement and left their studies. One of them was Ram Vinod Singh, who was one of the leaders of the college students and taken into custody by the British authority. He was given the title of Jatin Bagha.
▸ Ranchi became one of the main centres of revolutionaries and Ganesh Chandra Ghosh was their leader.
▸ In 1915, the Chhota Nagpur Unnati Samaj was started for the socio-economic development of tribals. Chhota Nagpur Unnati Samaj was very active and raise strong opposition when Simon Commission came to Patna in 1928.
▸ A meeting was held on 18th December, 1928 in Ranchi under presidentship of SK Sanay in which a resolution was passed to boycott the Simon Commission.
▸ Freedom Movement in Chaibasa and Jamshedpur continued upto 1931-32. The activists of Hindustan Association supported the movement in these areas.
▸ The Congress Committee gradually spread to all over Chhota Nagpur. Under the Presidentship of Sher Muhammad Hassan, the Congress constituted Non-Cooperation Committee in Palamu. This committee later became the Congress Committee. At the time of 1931-32, the main culprits of Kakori Case like Ashfaqullah Khan, Prafull Chandra Ghosh and Jyoti Pant Rai took refuge in Chhota Nagpur.

Non-Cooperation Movement and Jharkhand

▸ In June 1917, Gandhiji was invited in Ranchi by Lt Edward Gait and Shyam Krishna Sahay (freedom fighter of Hazaribagh). Gandhiji stayed here for 21 days and organised several meetings at many places which motivated people towards the freedom movement.
▸ In August 1917, Maulana Azad founded Anjuman Islamia and Madarsa Islamia in Jharkhand. District Congress Committee was established in 1919 under Bindeshwari Pathak and Bhagwat Pandey in Palamu.
▸ Movements against the Rowlatt Act (1919) was organised at Ranchi on 5th April, 1919.
▸ In 1920, the Congress Committee was established in Ranchi. On 10th October, 1920, under the leadership of CF Andrews a big meeting of the Congress Party was organised in Daltonganj where people decided to stretch the Non-Cooperation and Boycott Movement, especially in schools and colleges.
▸ Prominent leader like Mazharul Haque, Chardravanshi Sahay, Krishna Prasanna, Abdul Bari, G. Imam and Hasan Arzoo attended this session. The same meetings were held in 1921, in Ranchi, Itki, Ghaghra, Ormanjhi, Bundu, Kokar, Daranda, Tamar, Gumla and Karra.
▸ In a special session of Congress, in Calcutta in 1920, leaders from Jharkhand requested Gandhiji to launch Non-Cooperation Movement and the boycott of the foreign goods.
▸ Later on, Tana Bhagats of Jharkhand became a part of the Freedom Movement after adopting Satyagraha Movement. In 1921, various public meetings were set in at many places like Panki, Daltonganj and Japla where speakers emphasised on using Khadi, Swadeshi, Charkha and removal of untouchability, boycott of foreign goods and liquor.
▸ Sahibganj was declared 'disturbed area' in January 1922. Non-cooperation movement was suspended after the Chauri Chaura incident.
▸ In 1922, Congress was divided and Swaraj Party was found. In 1923, when Provincial Legislative Council was formed, Krishna Ballabh Sahay was elected its representative.
This movement spread in many places of Jharkhand which are given below: Palamu A membership drive was set in Palamu by the Congress Party and gained about 3,000 persons as members, which gave momentum to the freedom movement in Jharkhand. The KisanMovement under the leadership of Yadubans Sahay of Palamu encouraged the Non-Cooperation Movement. This movement was set-up to improve the conditions of the tenants and agricultural labourers in Palamu.
Ranchi It was the main centre of Non-CooperationMovement in Jharkhand. The main leaders were Gulab Tiwari, Swami Vishwanand and Maulvi Usman. The Boycott Movement was started after the end of FirstWorldWar (1914-18).
In Ranchi, Konhara Pandey gathered the Tana Bhagats and demonstrated against Simon Commission. The Simon Commission came to India on 3rd February, 1927 and was strongly protested.
The leader of the protest, Lala Lajpat Rai was wounded and later died. This arouse huge resentment among the masses. Protests were held in Jharkhand, especially in Ranchi where a public assembly had organised by SK Sahay in 18th December, 1927. In 1928-29, Tana Bhagats launched a no-rent campaign against the kings and the Zamindars of Ranchi and Palamu.On 16th September, 1930, 'swadeshi week' was celebrated in Ranchi and 'Jawahar Saptah'was celebrated throughout Jharkhand.
In 1940, Individual Satyagraha was launched by Gandhiji and to spread the movement,Gandhiji came to Ranchi.
Singhbhum The movement also spread in Singhbhum where Harishankar Vyasji of Kathiawar organised meetings on 5th, 6th, 8th and 9th February, 1921. After 3 years of these meetings the tribal people decided not to give 'hat' tax.
Hazaribagh In Hazaribagh, this movement was led by students, employees, lawyers and common people. After the emergence of the District Congress, Committee this movement accelerated in Hazaribagh. Important speakers were Motilal Nehru, Mazharul Haque and Swami Bishwanand. In their speeches they emphasised to use Charkha, Khadi, removal of untouchability and boycott of foreign good and liquor at different areas in Hazaribagh.

Civil Disobedience Movement and Jharkhand

▸ Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.
▸ In Jharkhand, Ranchi, Silli, Gumla, Ghutia and Lohardaga were the most influenced areas of Civil Disobedience Movement.
▸ On 3rd May, 1930, in Ranchi Bar Association, it was decided to boycott foreign clothes and use Khadi.
▸ During the Civil Disobedience Movement, Rambriksha Benipuri wrote a magazine named Qaidi.
▸ Mahamaya Prasad and Bhawani Dayal Sanyasi used to write a magazine named Karagar.
The spread of the movement in Jharkhand was as follows: Hazaribagh Due to the repression policy of the British meetings and processions were forcibly dispersed. They sent the Congress leaders to jails and hold them untill the expiry of their full term.One of them was Rajendra Prasad who was released on 14th December, 1930.
Jamshedpur At the invitation of CF Andrews in August 1925,Gandhiji went to Jamshedpur where JRD Tata welcomed him warmly.Other important leaders also visited there to give a fillip to the freedom struggle namely Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajendra Prasad, Subhash Chandra Bose, VV Giri and Abdul Bari.Nani Gopal Mukherjee led the movement in Jamshedpur.
Chaibasa In Chaibasa, the editor of 'Tarun Shakti'magazine of Chaibasa, Kamal Chakravarty was sent to jail for his anti-British writings. This incident happened in 1929, one year after a long strike in TISCO.
Chhota Nagpur The movement was also spread in Chhota Nagpur where people, for the first time celebrated Independence day on 26th January, 1930, after the firm determination of the CongressWorking Committee. In the same way the people of Chhota Nagpur followed the call of Gandhiji when he broke the salt law in Dandi March, on 6th April, 1930. But the movement was crushed by the repressive policy of the British Government and they imprisoned many freedom fighters after this their properties were seized and damaged by the police.
Likewise, the Salt Law was broken by Krishna Ballabh Sahay near the Khazanchi tank in Hazaribagh. The same activities were happened in Jamshedpur where the employees of the steel city ( Jamshedpur) along with nearly 400 Sikhs joined the Civil Disobedience Movement. The news of the Death sentence of Bhagat Singh further added fuel to the fire. In Hazaribagh, tribes also participated in Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of BangamManjhi.
Daltonganj Foreign clothes were boycotted under the direction of Devki Prasad, Chandrika Prasad,Nageshwar Prasad Singh, Jyotichandra Sarkar and Tulsi Tiwari in Daltonganj.
Garhwa In Garhwa, foreign clothes were boycotted under the direction of Gulab Mistri, Bihari Lal, Sitaram Thathera and Jagannath Sahu.
Chakradharpur In Chakradharpur, Congressmen protested against the government by cutting the forests. This protest of cutting the forests was named as Jungle Satyagraha.
Singhbhum In Singhbhum, the people also challenged prevailing law and order made by the British.
Palamu The Tana Bhagat and Oraons resolved not to pay Chaukidari tax and land revenue to the Landlords and started anti-liquor campaign, on 24th April, 1930 in Palamu. Sonar Singh Kharwar and Chandrika Prasad Verma led the Salt Satyagraha in Palamu.

Ramgarh Session of Congress

n The 53rd session of Congress held on 19th-20th March, 1940 at Ramgarh of
Hazaribagh district under the presidentship of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
n On 14th March 1940, Gandhiji inaugurated Khadi Gram Udyog in Ramgarh.
This session passed the proposal of Satyagraha which was recommended by
Acharya JB Kriplani.
n During this session of Congress, All India Anti-Negotiation Conference and
Forward Bloc were organised under the presidentship of Subhash Chandra
Bose. MN Roy founded the Radical Democratic party in Ramgarh.

Quit India Movement

On 8th August, 1942 in Bombay the All India Congress Committee passed the Quit India Movement. The movement also touched the feelings of the people of Jharkhand who attacked police stations, railway stations, post offices and other public properties.
The British Government persisted with the repressive policy and on 14th August, 1942, arrested some students with their leaders near Zila school. The students of Nadia Hindu High school in Lohardaga hoisted the tri-colour flag on school building. Strike and protests were started in Gumla. The Lohardaga rail line was damaged between Itki and Tangar Basli. By 30th November, 1942, one hundred and ninety nine activists were arrested.
Many places of Jharkhand plunged into Quit India Movement such as follows: Giridih In Giridih, the transport and communication networks were disturbed because of the movement. In Hunterganj police area people denied to pay 'Chaukidari Tax' to the British Government.
Ranchi Ranchi was the epicenter of the movement in Jharkhand. Tana Bhagats played an active role in the movement, they set Bishnupur police station on fire and also damaged the telephone and telegram installation between Namkum and Tatisilwai in Ranchi. Two leaders GangaMaharaj and Govind Bhagat were arrested in 16th August, 1942 in order to provoke the people against the British rule.
Jamshedpur In the 'steel city' all employees,mill workers, people of Jamshedpur went on strike on 30th August, 1942. The police mutinied under the leadership of Ramanand Tiwary.Many Policemen were arrested and sent to Hazaribagh prison.
Labour leaders like CV Raju, Remmy,Gangaiya and Adal were arrested and sent to Jamshedpur.
Palamu The spark of the movement was also observed in Palamu district where the police arrested many nationalist leaders namely Jagnarayan Pathak,Mahavir Verma, Rajeshwari Saroj Das, Yadunandan Tiwari,Devraj Tiwari, Yadubans Sahay and Gauri Shankar. Public properties were damaged there and set ablaze. The distilleries of Bhandari, Ranka, Ramkanda and Bhawanathpur were put on fire. Rail lines were uprooted near Haidernagar and Kamandi. The movement spread to Lesligunj and Nagal Untari. Some of the Tana Bhagats hoisted flag over Chandwa police station.
Santhal Pargana The 1942 movement also spread to this region and on the 11th August, 1942 a procession was taken out at Deogarh and Hartal was observed.
On 12th August, a procession was taken out at Gadda and soon the entire division was a flame.
Hazaribagh Many of the revolutionaries of the Quit India Movement were imprisoned in Hazaribagh Jail.On 9th November 1942, Jai Prakash Narayan with other five leaders viz, Ram NandanMishra, Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulabi Sonar and Shaligram Singh, escaped from the jail. This forced the authorities to transfer many revolutionaries from Hazaribagh to Bhagalpur jail. The movement lasted till 1943.
The last arrest during this movement was Vachaspati Tripathi in Ranchi on 22nd August, 1943. By 1945, all leaders were freed from the prison. In this way, people of Jharkhand played a very significant role in the freedom movement of India.

Prominent Leaders of Quit India Movement

Leaders

Ganga Maharaj, Govind Bhagat, Devendra Kumari, Ganpat Khandelwal, Laddu Maharaj, Mathura Prasad

Gopal Prasad, Gauri Shankar, Vishwanath Prasad, Ram KishorTeli, Sadho Singh

Nageshwar Prasad Pandit Ramraksha Brahmachari, Dr Jadu Gopal Mukherjee, Narayan Chandra Lahri, Nand Kishor Bhagat, Pooran Chandra Mitra, Chamra Bhagat, Praful Chandra Mitra, Vimal Das Gupta, Keshav Das Gupta

Santhal Pargana

Praful Chandra Patnaik, Krishna Prasad, K Gopalan, Jambvati Devi, Kamlakant, Prema Devi, Usha Rani Mukherjee, Motilal, Ketri, Kejriwal, Vinodanand Jha

Puneet Roy, Narsingh Marwari, Anant Lal, Moti Ram, Lekhoram, Narayan Modi

Ram Anugraha Prasad, Narsingh Bhagat, Upendra Prasad

Ramnarayan Singh, Sukhlal Singh, Saraswati Devi, Krishna Ballabh Sahay

TP Sinha, M John, Treta Singh, NC Mukherjee, PK Menon, Munni Ghoshi, GG Pegi, VG Gopal, TM Shah, M Chakravarti.

Vishun Modi, Dukhan Modi, Kali Modi, Badhan Dhobi, Basan Sonar, Chhattu Ram

Yadubans Sahay, Bhagirathi Singh Kharwari, Vachaspati Tripathi, Mithilesh Kumar Sinha, Raj Kishor Singh, Gauri Shankar Ojha, Rajeshwari Saroj Verma, Amiya Kumar Ghosh, Nandlal Prasad

Workers Movement and Jharkand

n In 1920, SN Haidar and Byomkesh Chakrabarti founded Jamshedpur Workers
Association.
n During 1920-22, 1925 and 1928 there were complete strikes in Tata and Iron
Steel works (Jamshedpur) and at other mills. Subhash Chandra Bose took the
initiative for negotiation between the workers and the management.
n In 1929, All India Trade Union Congress session took place under the
leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.

National Movement and Women in Jharkhand

▸ The role of women in Jharkhand was very significant during the freedom struggle of India. Saraswati Devi, Rajeshwari, Saroj Das, Shailbala Roy, Jambavati Devi, Prema Devi, Usha Rani Mukherjee were some courageous women who participated in the movement.
▸ The arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in 1917, made the women enthusiastic about the freedom struggle. Saraswati Devi of Harzaribagh played important role in non-cooperation movement.
▸ When Mahatma Gandhi started Salt movement on 6th April, 1930, many women participated in it.
▸ Shailbala Ray challenged the salt law in Santhal Pargana, Smt. Saraswati and Smt.
Sadha Devi were arrested during the salt movement in Hazaribagh. Mahadevi Kejriwal decided to break the salt law in 1941 in Dumka.
▸ Saraswati Devi, Jambavati Devi and Prema Devi took part in Quit India Movement of 1942.

Famous Freedom Fighters of Jharkhand (Jharkhand GK in English)

Tilka Manjhi

▸ He was born in a Santhal family on 11th February, 1750 in Tilakpur near Sultanganj (Bihar). His name was probably based on his place of birth i.e.
Tilakpur. His real name was Sundra Murmu.
▸ Tilka Manjhi was the first Adivasi leader who united the Santhals and organised an upsurge against the British.
▸ In 1784, Tilka along with his supporters attacked British official Augustus Cleveland who died later. Tilka was executed at Bhagalpur by the British on 13th January, 1785. The efforts of Tilka Manjhi can be described as the first real effort of the tribal people to resist the British rule.

Buddhu Bhagat

▸ He was born in Silagai village of Chanho block, Ranchi district on 17th February, 1792. He belonged to the Oraon tribe. He was athletic.
▸ Thousands of tribes took part in the revolt against the British under the leadership of Buddhu Bhagat. It was known as Kol movement (1831-32). The main weapon of the rebels was bow and arrow.
▸ The first success against the rebels under Buddhu Bhagat was achieved in February, 1832 when Captain Impey attacked them. The guns and bullets of the British forces won the battle against the bows and arrows of the rebels.
▸ On 10th February, 1832, four thousand rebels surrendered and arrested.
▸ On 13th February, the British led by captain Impey once again raided the hideout of Buddhu and his followers. Buddhu Bhagat was killed on 13th February, 1832 alongwith hundreds of his followers. His sons Haldhar and Giridhar were also killed by the British army.

Telanga Kharia

▸ He was born on 9th February, 1806 in village Murgu under Sisai block of Gumla district. He was a freedom fighter who fought against oppression and exploitation of the people.
▸ He had established 'Jury System' through which young people were trained in warfare. Telanga Kharia had established Jury Panchayats in Murgu, Jura, Doisa, Soso, Nimtoli, Dunduria, Baghima, Nathpur, Bendaura, Kolebira, Mahabuang and Kumhari villages of Gumla district.
▸ Telanga was also motivated by the brutal repression of the Kol Rebellion during 1831-32. He used his Jury Panchayat to make contacts with the people of Eastern, Western and Southern Gumla. Bodhan Singh killed him on 23rd April, 1880.

Pandey Ganpat Rai

▸ He was born in village Bhauron of Lohardaga district on 17th January, 1809. He became well versed in Arabic, Persian and other languages.
▸ Ganpat Rai succeeded his uncle Sadashiva Rai after his death to the post of Diwan of Chhota Nagpur. His action and performance impressed the Nagbanshi ruler of Chhota Nagpur.
▸ He joined the freedom struggle because the British government started stifling the native rulers. In August, 1857, he led the mutiny of soldiers in Doranda (Ranchi) army camp. He was sentenced to death on 21st April, 1858.

Sidhu and Kanhu

▸ Sidhu and Kanhu were great warriors of Santhal Pargana. They carried forward the tribal struggle against the British. Sidhu was born in 1815 and Kanhu in 1820.
Sidhu had great organising and leadership qualities.
▸ Both these brothers waged struggle against the British oppression, exploitation, corruption and ignorance.
▸ Both the brothers adopted peaceful and constitutional means before commencing the revolt. Sidhu and Kanhu adopted traditional and customary methods to win the support of the Santhal tribes. Both the brothers urged the people to send one man from each family to join the rebel forces being organised by them.
▸ A big meeting was organised at Bhagnadih (now in Sahibganj) on 30th June, 1855.
Sidhu was elected as the King and Kanhu as a minister.
▸ On 10th July 1855, Sidhu and Kanhu defeated a British contingent forces, which was sent to crush their revolt. They captured the palace of Amber Pargana (located at Pakur) and started proceeding towards Murshidabad.
▸ Sidhu and Kanhu were arrested due to treachery of their supporters. On 26th July, 1856, the British Government executed them.

Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo

▸ He was born at Satranji (now in HEC) on 12th August, 1817. Vishwanath belong to the Nagbanshi Rajput and was related to theMaharaja of Chhota Nagpur of Palakot.
▸ He decided to fight for the freedom of the country but he waited for an opportunity to join the anti-British movement.
▸ In 1855, he revolted against the British rule and declared himself independent.
The freedom movement of 1857 became very aggressive in Chhota Nagpur. The rebellious forces of Jamindar Madho Singh, Raja Tikait Singh and Sheikh Bhikhari supported him.
▸ He was hanged to death on the gate of Zila School, Ranchi. All the 97 villages of Vishwanath Shahdeo were taken over and his palaces of Satranji and Hatia were completely destroyed.

Ganga Narain Singh

▸ He was the first tribal leader who exploited the frustration and anger of the Bhumij tribes against the British government. The emergence of Ganga Narain Singh marks an important phase in the evolution of the leadership of the tribal revolts.
▸ Ganga Narain Singh belonged to the Zamindar family of Barabhum. He was cousin of Madhav Singh who was the Zamindar of Barabhum.
▸ He appealed to the people for preparation of a struggle against the dikus. He promised to relieve them of the oppression of Madhav Singh. Madhav Singh had doubled the taxes realised from Bhumij. In 1832, the Bhumij peasants and other nature fighters attacked the court of English Munsif.
▸ The rebels under Ganga Narain retaliated fiercely against the repression of the regular troops of the company.
▸ They also indiscriminately looted property and indulged in unnecessary violence.
▸ Ganga Narain and his followers gave a strong resistance to the British rule in Midnapore and adjoining areas. Chetan Singh of Kharsawan killed Ganga Narain on 7th February, 1833.

Sheikh Bhikhari

▸ He was born in Burmu, which now falls in Ormanjhi block in Ranchi. He became the Diwan of Tikait Umrao Singh who was the ruler of Khatanga. He participated actively in the freedom struggle.
▸ The freedom movement of Chhota Nagpur broke out on 31st July, 1857 in Chutupalu hills, which formed a part of the zamindari of Tikait Umrao Singh.
Sheikh Bhikhari supported Tikait Umrao in this movement.
▸ Sheikh Bhikhari motivated the Santhal rebels in Hazaribagh to fight against the British. As a result of his efforts, the rebels raided Hazaribagh jail on 30th July, 1857 and freed the Santhal and other prisoners.
▸ Sheikh Bhikhari was captured on 6th January, 1858. He was sentenced to death on 7th January and hanged on 8th January, 1858 at Ramgarh.

Nilamber-Pitamber

▸ Nilamber and Pitamber were two freedom fighters of Palamu who fought against the British Company.
▸ Nilamber-Pitamber prepared a strong organisation of the Bhogtas and the Kharwars.
The Bhogtas, the Kharwars and some others took active part in the revolt.
▸ Both brothers were deeply influenced by the events that led to the destruction of the army camp of Doranda in 1857. They secured the support of the Jagirdar of Chero in order to strengthen the rebel forces.
▸ On 21st October, 1857, they raided Chainpur, Shahpur and Lesliganj. Their forces also emerged victorious in Shahpur located to the south of Daltonganj. They were hanged to death and the Government seized all their properties under Act XXV of 1857.

Tikait Umrao Singh

▸ He was born in Khatanga village under Ormanjhi block of Ranchi district. He was a Zamindar of 12 villages. Tikait Umrao Singh was brave and revolutionary by nature.
▸ In order to save the revolutionaries from the British onslaught at the time of Doranda Revolt, he sealed the route connecting Hazaribagh and Ranchi.
▸ With the help of Tikait Ghasi Singh and confident Diwan Sheikh Bhikhari, he helped the Indian revolutionaries which forced Col. Dalton and Lt Graham to leave Doranda to save their lives.
▸ The British arrested Tikait on 6th January, 1858 and he was sentenced to death.

Bhagirath Manjhi

▸ He was a social activist and helped in spreading education. Khairwar movement was started by Bhagirath Manjhi in 1868 where he said people to stop giving any land tax to the landlord.
▸ He asked people to believe in one God. He was famous among tribes with the name of Baba. He died in 1879.

Birsa Munda

▸ He was born on 15th November, 1875 in Ulihatu village of Arki block under the Khunti district which was a subdivision till 11th September, 2007.
▸ He participated in the agitation which was caused from the restrictions imposed upon the traditional rights of theMundas in the protected forest in the Porhat area.
▸ He claimed to be 'the father of the Earth' (Dharti Aaba) and a messenger of God.
His followers started looking upon him as 'Incarnation of God'. He laid down a strict code of conduct prohibiting theft, lying, begging and murder.
▸ The people regarded him as their 'Singhbonga' or Sun god, the good spirit that watches over them. He was looked upon as in incarnation of' 'Khasra Kora' who had destroyed the Asurs.
▸ Birsa tried to exploit the sentiments of the people against the Government, missionaries, local rulers and zamindars. He was preparing to launch an organised movement against the British Government.
▸ In 1899, Birsa organised as many as sixteen meetings of his followers. He now advocated violent and turbulent method to achieve the ouster of the British. A large majority of Christian Mundas joined the movement.
▸ Insurrection provoked by Birsa broke out at several places at Khunti, Karra, Torpa, Tamar, Gumla etc. On 3rd February, 1900 Birsa was arrested and died of cholera in the prison of Ranchi on 9th June, 1900.

Babu Ram Narayan Singh

▸ He was born on 19th December, 1885 in Chatra. He was a political activist who supported Gandhiji in uniting people to take part in the Non-Cooperation movement and the Quit India movement.
▸ After Independence, he was elected as the member of Parliament from Chatra constituency. 'Swaraj Lut Gaya' was written by Babu Ram Narain Singh.
▸ He was given the title Chhota Nagpur Kesari by Rajendra Prasad.

Jatra Bhagat

▸ He was born in September, 1888 in the village Chingri or Chepri Nawatoli near Gumla. In 1914, he claimed to have been inspired by the Supreme God of the Oraons to work for the restoration of the ancient 'Kurikh' religion.
▸ In April, 1914, he proclaimed to his fellow villagers that during his prayer, he had seen a luminous figure (Dharmes). Dharmes (God) had given him the order to spread his message of truth.
▸ Jatra declared that in a dream Dharmes (the Supreme God) told him to give up Matia (ghost-finding and exorcism) and the belief in spirits, to abjure all animal sacrifices, animals food and liquor, and to give up ploughing their fields which entailed cruelty to cows and oxen.
▸ In 1921, he met Gandhiji and in 1927, he took part in the movement against Simon Commission.