Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey from 1881-1938. As military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement, he made Turkey into a secular state and modernized it by copying European institutions (like system of law, government schools, military and industry).

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Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey from 1881-1938. As military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement, he made Turkey into a secular state and modernized it by copying European institutions (like system of law, government schools, military and industry).