Take a sheet of paper and draw a vertical line down the center. The left column will be for the reactants and the right for the products. Start by writing down the individual bonds in the reactants. Next, write down how many of each bond there is. Then write down the bond energy for each one and calculate the energy contained in that number of each bond. Then work out total energy contained in the bonds of the reactants by adding the individual totals together. Do this step by step and double check at each stage to eliminate any errors. Repeat the process for the products. Then subtract the... Show more

Take a sheet of paper and draw a vertical line down the center. The left column will be for the reactants and the right for the products. Start by writing down the individual bonds in the reactants. Next, write down how many of each bond there is. Then write down the bond energy for each one and calculate the energy contained in that number of each bond. Then work out total energy contained in the bonds of the reactants by adding the individual totals together. Do this step by step and double check at each stage to eliminate any errors.

Repeat the process for the products. Then subtract the total bond energy of the reactants from the products, paying careful attention to whether the answer is a positive or a negative number. Positive numbers mean that the reactions are endothermic, negative numbers mean that they are exothermic chemical reactions.

The questions that follow concern making and breaking bonds and the energy changes involved in doing so. To be able to complete these questions you will need the following bond energy information and a calculator:

• C-H 413kJ/mol
• O=O 498kJ/mol
• C-O 358kJ/mol
• O-H 464kJ/mol
• N≡N 945kJ/mol
• H-Cl 432kJ/mol
• Cl-Cl 243kJ/mol
• H-H 436kJ/mol
• C=O 805kJ/mol
• C-C 347J/mol
• N-H 391kJ/mol.

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