What is it called when two individuals of the same species have different physical characteristics, and one is able to live long enough to reproduce and the other is not?

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DSST Environmental Science exam covers the basics of ecological concepts, environmental impacts and conservation. The exam contains 100 questions to be answered in 2 hours. Exam content briefly: 1. Ecological Concepts – 30% a. Ecosystems b. Organism Relationships c. Biodiversity d. Trophic relationships (e.g. food chain; food web) e. Energy flows and cycles f. Biomes g. Population biology h. Evolution i. Ecological succession 2. Environmental Impacts – 25% a. Human population dynamics b. Global climate change c. Pollution – physical, chemical, and biological aspects d.... Show more

What is it called when two individuals of the same species have different physical characteristics, and one is able to live long enough to reproduce and the other is not?