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Must Know History 600 BCE - 600 CE

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Must Know History 600 BCE - 600 CE

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1. The Analects

Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples, he employed Persians and Medes in his administration and respected the institutions and beliefs of subject peoples. Was a skillful propagandist and showed respect to the Babylonian priesthood and native traditions. More like an alteration of the relationship between Medes and Persians than an all-out conquest.

2. Homer

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples, he employed Persians and Medes in his administration and respected the institutions and beliefs of subject peoples. Was a skillful propagandist and showed respect to the Babylonian priesthood and native traditions. More like an alteration of the relationship between Medes and Persians than an all-out conquest.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.

3. Sparta

Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples, he employed Persians and Medes in his administration and respected the institutions and beliefs of subject peoples. Was a skillful propagandist and showed respect to the Babylonian priesthood and native traditions. More like an alteration of the relationship between Medes and Persians than an all-out conquest.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.

4. Cyrus the Great

Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples, he employed Persians and Medes in his administration and respected the institutions and beliefs of subject peoples. Was a skillful propagandist and showed respect to the Babylonian priesthood and native traditions. More like an alteration of the relationship between Medes and Persians than an all-out conquest.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

5. Ptolemy

A Greco-Roman writer of Alexandria. A known mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer. Lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt, wrote in Greek, and held Roman citizenship. Was the author of several scientific treatises, which were of importance to later Islamic and European scientists. Few other details of his life are known for certain.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

6. Macedonia

The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.An ancient Greek kingdom centered in the northeastern part of the Green peninsula. Rose from a small kingdom to one which came to dominate the entire Hellenic world after the conquests of Alexander the Great and controlled a territory that included the former Persian empire. Had a hereditary monarchy that usually held absolute power. Quickly fractured into multiple Hellenic regimes but left a lasting legacy.

7. Silk Road

Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran. They were central to cultural interaction and linked many groups of people. A significant factor in the development of the civilizations of Eurasia. Many goods, technologies, religions, philosophies, and the bubonic plague traveled along these routes. Developed rapidly with the better domestication of pack animals and technology.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

8. Cleisthenes

Often referred to by historians as 'the father of Athenian democracy.' Reformed the constitution of ancient Athens. Also credited with increasing the power of the citizens' assembly and reducing the power of the nobility. Established legislative bodies run by individuals picked by lottery. Reformed the court system as well. Belonged to the Alcmaeonid family, which had played a leading role in Athenian public life.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.

9. Persian Empire

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Also known as the Achaemenid Empire. Founded by Cyrus the Great and expanded to rule over significant portions of the ancient world. Ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its various cultures by constructing a complex series of roads. Had a centralized bureaucratic government and a large, professional army. Instrumental in the spread of Zoroastrianism. Did not conquer land by force but by skillfully incorporating them into various roles in the empire.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

10. Constantinople

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The capital city of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Founded at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire. Renamed in honor of its founder. Famed for its massive defenses and as the home of the Orthodox patriarch. Also famous for its architectural masterpieces such as the Hagia Sophia, palace of the emperors, and the Golden Gate. Contained numerous artistic and literary treasures before it was sacked during the Fourth Crusade. One of the ancient world's largest and richest cities.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

11. Buddhism

Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.Based on the teachings and beliefs of Siddhartha Gautama, 'the Enlightened One.' The main principles are the Four Noble Truths : 1. life is suffering 2. suffering comes from desire 3. the solution lies in curbing desire 4. desire can be curbed by following the Eightfold Path of right view, aspiration, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and meditation. He soon attracted many followers. It center on the individual and seeking Enlightenment. He left no final instructions when he died. Spread throughout and was influential in India, Central, Southeast, and East Asia. Eventually split into multiple sects.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

12. Sui Dynasty

A short-lived Chinese dynasty that was followed by the Tang Dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen with its capital at Chang-an. Oversaw the construction of the Grand Canal. Coinage was standardized and defenses improved. Its early demise is attributed to the government's tyrannical demands on its people, who bore the burden of taxation and crushing labor. Also, weakened by costly projects and disastrous military campaigns.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

13. Plebians

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.In ancient Rome, the general body of the free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by birth. They could include shopkeepers, craftspeople, and skilled or unskilled workers. Were often excluded from politics and were not permitted to know the laws by which they were governed. Served in the army but rarely became military leaders. Occasionally staged rebellions and demanded reforms for equality in society.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

14. Edict of Milan

The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Document issued by Emperor Constantine that agrees to end the persecution of Christians. Also, it granted liberty to all religions. Written after Constantine won a key battle. He believed that he had seen a cross imposed on the sun and that the Christian God had helped him to win the battle. Thus, he issued this document the following year and supported the Christian church throughout his reign.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.

15. 333 CE - Roman capital moved to Constantinople

Constantine transferred the imperial capital from Rome to Byzantium, an ancient Greek city on the Bosporus strait leading from the Mediterranean into the Black Sea. It was renamed in honor of the emperor. The move reflected changes already taking place. It was closer than Rome to the threatened borders in eastern Europe. The urban centers and middle class better withstood the 3rd century crisis. More educated people and more Christians lived in the area.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

16. Tamils

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Aryan north. They produced epics, poetry, and performance arts. Elements of their religious beliefs were merged into the Hindu synthesis.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

17. Herodotus

Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Heir to the technique of historia developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. He traced the antecedents of and chronicled the Persian Wars between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, thus originating the Western tradition of historical writing.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

18. Teotihacan

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A powerful city-state in central Mexico. Its population was about 150,000 at its peak. A pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city. The site of many of the most architecturally significant pyramids built in the Americas. Also important for its complex residential compounds and a small portion of murals that have been well-preserved. Famous for a certain style of pottery. Began as a new religious center and grew to be the largest in the New World.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.

19. Second Triumvirate

The official political alliance of Octavian (Augustus), Marcus Lepidus, and Mark Antony. They formed at the official end of the Roman Republic. Was an official, legally established institution, whose overwhelming power in the Roman state was given full legal sanction and outranked the consuls. Basically, it was a three-man dictatorship. They were ultimately unstable and could not withstand internal jealousy and ambition.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

20. Daoism/Taoism

Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Chinese school of thought originating in the Warring States Period with Laozi. Offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and duty. Believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. Accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the path of nature. Urges withdrawal from the empty formalities, rigid hierarchy, and distractions of Chinese society. Continued to evolve for many centuries, adapting to changes in society.

21. 180 CE - end of Pax Romana

Literally, 'Roman peace', it connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries CE. The movement of people and trade goods along Roman roads and safe seas allowed for the spread of cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas. Some urban dwellers grew rich. Rome was able to import massive quantities of grain and other products to feed their population. Merchants traded in luxury goods from outside the empire. The central government transferred wealth to the interior provinces.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

22. Oracles bones

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Pieces of shell or bone which were used for pyromancy (a form of divination) in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang Dynasty. The diviner would interpret the pattern of cracks that appeared after applying intense heat with a tool. Bear the earliest known examples of ancient Chinese writing and contain important historical information such as genealogies.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.

23. 323 BCE - Alexander the Great

His death suddenly at the age of 32. It began a half-century of chaos as the most ambitious of his officers struggled for control of the empire. It was broken up into three major kingdoms, each ruled by a Macedonian dynasty - the Seleucid, Ptolemaic, and Antigonid kingdoms. They were frequently at odds with each other, a rough balance of power. The epoch was known as the Hellenistic Age because many lands were powerfully influenced by Greek culture.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

24. Han Dynasty

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.A reign of Chinese emperors that came out of the Qin dynasty. Founded by Gaozu (Liu Bang). Created the machinery and ideology of imperial government that prevailed for centuries. Used modified Legalist-inspired institutions to control large territories with diverse populations. Was rich in intellectual development because o fthe prosperity of the era, growth of urban centers, and state support of scholars. Fell when military campaigns burdened finances and caused severe economic problems.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.

25. Patricians

Originally referred to a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome, including both their natural and adopted members. In the late Roman Empire, it was broadened to include high administrative officials and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, remained a high honorary title in the Byzantine Empire. Distinct from the plebians because they had wider political influence and rights. More privileged and better represented. Based purely on birth.Revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets and the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Had an enormous influence on the history of literature. His epics shaped Greek culture and he is described as the teacher of Greece. Provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient world. Believed to be dependent on oral tradition. Could have been part of the first generation of authors literate in the Greek alphabet.The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. Believed to have been written during the Warring States Period and finished in the mid-Han dynasty. One of the central texts of Confucianism. Tried to teach virtue and fulfilling one's role in society. His goal was to produce men who would speak correctly and demonstrate integrity in all things.A prominent city-state in ancient Greece. It rose to become the dominant military landpower in ancient Greece in 650 BCE. It was the principle enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which it emerged victorious. Unique for its social system and constitution, which completely focused on military power and training. Women enjoyed more rights than in other places in the ancient world. Underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages.

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❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
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