1. Companies typically did not like Jim Crow laws. They cost money that ate into the profits. The railroad companies had to add another car even if only one black passenger purchased a ticket for a train. Moreover, if the white cars were full, white passengers could not simply ride with black passengers as the segregation laws prohibited that too. A white man discovered riding in a car reserved for blacks faced the same criminal penalties as did Plessy.
According to the passage, the main reason companies did not want laws that required segregation was that

2. The first wavelength, 750 nanometers, induces the sensation we call “red.” The second, 500 nanometers, induces the sensation we call “green.” And 400 nanometers induces the sensation we call “violet.” The language in the preceding sentences has been carefully chosen in order to make it clear that the “color” is not in the stimulus itself (i.e., a light wave), but is produced by the firing of a certain kind of photoreceptor.
According to the passage, we can see the color violet at a wavelength of

3. It was half past six and the hands were quietly moving forwards, it was even later than half past, more like quarter to seven. Had the alarm clock not rung? He could see from the bed that it had been set for four o’clock as it should have been; it certainly must have rung. Yes, but was it possible to quietly sleep through that furniture-rattling noise? True, he had not slept peacefully, but probably all the more deeply because of that.
The alarm clock in the passage

4. Companies typically did not like Jim Crow laws. They cost money that ate into the profits. The railroad companies had to add another car even if only one black passenger purchased a ticket for a train. Moreover, if the white cars were full, white passengers could not simply ride with black passengers as the segregation laws prohibited that too. A white man discovered riding in a car reserved for blacks faced the same criminal penalties as did Plessy.
Why didn’t white people ride in the same train cars as black people, according to the passage?

5. In Jacob’s Island, the warehouses are roofless and empty; the walls are crumbling down; the windows are windows no more; the doors are falling into the streets; the chimneys are blackened, but they yield no smoke. Thirty or forty years ago, before losses and chancery suits came upon it, it was a thriving place; but now it is a desolate island indeed.
How long has it been since Jacob’s Island was a thriving place?

6. With the small competence he possessed, eked out by such employment as he could pick up, he travelled from town to town through the United States in quest of his enemies. Year passed into year, his black hair turned grizzled, but still he wandered on, a human bloodhound, with his mind wholly set upon the one object upon which he had devoted his life.
The man in the passage is

7. I commenced by inuring my body to hardship. I accompanied the whale-fishers on several expeditions to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, famine, thirst, and want of sleep; I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day and devoted my nights to the study of mathematics, the theory of medicine, and those branches of physical science from which a naval adventurer might derive the greatest practical advantage.
It’s reasonable to assume that the person in this passage

8. The Hippocratic Oath itself is not a part of typical psychological training or practice, but its tenets are expected to be followed. In sum, the oath states that physicians or healers will not deliberately harm an individual who seeks their help; they will treat anyone who comes seeking their aid; they will not give a deadly drug if the patient requests it; and they keep all information about doctor-patient professional relationships confidential.
According to the passage, the Hippocratic Oath requires healthcare providers to

9. The beach was a desert of heaps of sea and stones tumbling wildly about, and the sea did what it liked, and what it liked was destruction. It thundered at the town, and thundered at the cliffs, and brought the coast down, madly. The air among the houses was of so strong a piscatory flavour that one might have supposed sick fish went up to be dipped in it, as sick people went down to be dipped in the sea.
According to the passage,

10. The Hippocratic Oath itself is not a part of typical psychological training or practice, but its tenets are expected to be followed. In sum, the oath states that physicians or healers will not deliberately harm an individual who seeks their help; they will treat anyone who comes seeking their aid; they will not give a deadly drug if the patient requests it; and they keep all information about doctor-patient professional relationships confidential.
According to the passage, the Hippocratic Oath applies to

11. It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age. Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an old woman, too old for field labor. For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child's affection toward its mother, and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child. This is the inevitable result.
The author of this passage would probably agree that

12. Holmes was certainly not a difficult man to live with. He was quiet in his ways, and his habits were regular. It was rare for him to be up after ten at night, and he had invariably breakfasted and gone out before I rose in the morning. Sometimes he spent his day at the chemical laboratory, sometimes in the dissecting-rooms, and occasionally in long walks, which appeared to take him into the lowest portions of the City.
According to the passage, Holmes

13. His nose was prodigiously long, crooked, and inflammatory; his eyes full, brilliant, and acute; his chin and cheeks, although wrinkled with age, were broad, puffy, and double; but of ears of any kind or character there was not a semblance to be discovered upon any portion of his head.
This passage describes

14. Although lots of animals communicate in all kinds of ways — using scent, bodily postures, and even sounds — human communication by spoken language is particularly fast and conveys more information (and more subtle information) than any other system of communication. Importantly, human language also uses metaphor, in which one word can have several meanings.
According to the passage, animal communication often includes