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Stars and Galaxies Final Review
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Stars and Galaxies Final Review
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25 Questions

1. the Schwarzchild radius in 3 dimensions (a sphere

2. localized spots on the photosphere that are slightly cooler than their surroundings | show up as black spots in visible images

3. Gravitationally bound collections of galaxies | Both Milky Way and Andromeda (M31) have a collection of satellite galaxies | We're all part of the local group | Eventually we'll merge with M31 -form an elliptical galaxy?

4. Force of gravity changes over distance. ________ _______ is the force from this difference.

5. Planets orbit the sun | Points toward cosmological principle: earth is not at a special place in the Universe' | Explains retrograde motion by having planets overtake one another in their orbits

6. Lines in the stellar spectra are ___________ | ______________strength changes due to: | Elemental composition | Ionization fraction -how ionized the atom/molecule is based on temperature

7. Objects that we see in the night sky at different distances. Projecting these objects onto an imaginary sphere yields the ___________ _________. | •Celestial Equator | Ecliptic | Celestial Poles | NCP | SCP

8. Earth's rotation is tilted relative to Earth's orbital plane | Causes seasons | Because of _____ _____:
1.The sun is in the sky longer in the summer
2.The angle of sunlight is more direct in summer

9. • Low temp. (10 K) | Dense (for space) | Hydrogen starts to join up, forming H2 | Dense enough/ other materials present | ____________ are huge (mass/size)

10. Only part of the Sun is blocked

11.
This is

12. The square of an orbital period (P) is proportional to the cube of the ellipse's semimajor axis (A) | P^2 ∝ A^3
where: | P is the period of the orbit (in years) | A is the semimajor axis (in AU) | '∝' is the proportionality symbol | (If period is in years and semimajor axis is in AU, then proportionality('∝') becomes equality ('='))

13. Light 'bouncing' off an surface, changing its direction

14. How much response for how much light received | Ratio/percentage of detected events

15. Ability of a telescope to separate two different objects visually | e.g. 'how close can two points of light be together before we can no longer distinguish them?' | Is in terms of angles -not distance!

16. • Distortions are called a _______ _______ --> where high tides are happening | Tides are affected by both Sun and Moon, but solar tides only 50% of lunar tides strength

17. Hydrogen fusion emits _______: | light atomic particles, no charge. | Very weak interactions with matter.

18. We detect a 'dip' in the brightness of a star based on a planet passing in front of the host star
(analogue to eclipsing binary)

19. Extremes of day/night (summer _______, winter ________)

20. NCP Pole Star

21. the zone of each stars gravitational influence

22. Uses epicycles (circles on the orbits) to explain retrograde motion. Model is refined for the next 1500 years!

23. can see that they're binary based on periodic change in the brightness

24. electron bouncing around

25. Astronomers have estimated the likely number of intelligent civilizations we could make contact with ___ _______ __________

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