1. Transcription and translation in eukaryotes happen __________, and gene expression is regulated by ____.

2. Selective breeding has been historically used to produce offspring with desirable traits. This technique requires careful selection of the parents with ______________.

3. Biofilm reactors employ microbes that do well in biofilms. ______ biofilm reactors are used to produce chemicals; ______ biofilm reactors are used in waste water management.

4. RFLP can be used for genotyping including medical diagnosis. This is a complex method using ______.

5. Comparing the human and the fruit fly genome has revealed that the ratio of noncoding to coding sequences is _____ in the human genome.

6. Hydrocarbons can be degraded by _____.

7. Consider a population where there are only brown-eyed and blue-eyed individuals, and blue eye color is recessive and brown is dominant. No other alleles influence the eye color in this population. Sixteen percent of this population is blue-eyed. What is the frequency of the blue eye color allele in the population?

8. Iris recognition and friction ridge pattern analysis are both broadly used biometrics techniques. An advantage of the iris method is that it does ______, and the analysis is fully automated. The friction ridges wear off on your fingers as we age, but fingerprints _____ link suspects to the crime scene.

9. An epigenetic factor is ______.

10. FISH is an in situ hybridization technique that is using __________ probes to detect homologous nucleic acid sequences in tissues and on chromosomes.

11. In situ bioremediation is ______ and usually takes _______ time.

12. The most common polyploidy is trisomy 21, which is _______ syndrome.

13. A typical plant cell tolerates well if it is placed into hypotonic solution. When protoplasts are placed into hypotonic solution, they ______.

14. Dolly, the first cloned mamma, has been generated by __________ technique.

15. Sickle cell anemia is a _______ mutation in the globin gene. It is a deadly disease of homozygote individuals, butit offers protection against _______ in heterozygotes.

16. Tandem repeats may contribute to the morphological variation in a population. There is a correlation between the activity of some transcription factors and certain traits, for example, head shape and number of digits of the paw. The activity of Runx-2 transcription factor is influenced by tandem repeats within its open reading frame. These tandem repeats result in poly-Q and poly-A amino acid repeats in the Runx-2 protein. What characteristics of the repeats correlate with transcription factor activity?

17. HIV gene therapy, which is currently in clinical trial phase, is disrupting the HIV binding receptors on T cell using a specific _______.

18. Cre-lox technology is used to generate _________ transgenic organisms.

19. A variety of electrophoresis techniques are currently employed in biotechnology. These techniques separate substances utilizing their __________.

20. Gene therapy protocols are already in use to introduce functional genes into the patient's own ______ and return the _______ into the patient.

21. Dolly's premature death is linked to __________ telomere regions.

22. Ex situ bioremediation is ______ and usually takes ______ time.

23. Protein sequence can be predicted from cDNA or gDNA sequences, but it can also be determined directly by removing the amino acids one by one from the N-terminal end of the protein. This chemical degradation is called ________.

24. The frequency of the crossing over between genes on a chromosome is linked to their distance from each other. Consider A, B, and C genes that are on the same chromosome. The recombination frequency between A and B is 10%, it is 30% between B and C, and it is 20% between A and C. What is the order of A, B, and C genes on the chromosome?

25. Knock-in, Knock-out, and conditional transgenic lines must all use _____ sequences at both sides of the chromosomal regions to be changed.