1. Several different means of smuggling, such as cross-border tunnels, are used to bring narcotics, individuals, and contraband into the United States. Cross-border tunnels can be found all along the land border of the United States. They vary significantly in size and complexity of construction, although most are crudely constructed. Further, most cross-border tunnels are used for smuggling narcotics, although illegal aliens and other contraband have also been smuggled using tunnels.
From the information given above, it cannot be validly concluded that

2. In a certain border state, all state peace officers have the authority to issue state citations for misdemeanor marijuana and paraphernalia offenses committed in their presence. Early last year, a certain Border Patrol sector in the state began a new operation with state police. Under this operation, all sector canine handlers were cross-designated as state peace officers.
       From the information given above, it CANNOT be validly concluded that, in the border state discussed,

3. An employer is permitted to hire a new employee only if the employer is able to verify that the applicant's employment documentation establishes both of the following: (1) the applicant is authorized to work in the United States and (2) the applicant who presents the employment authorization document is the person to whom the documentation was issued. An employer cannot request that an applicant provide more or different documents than required. If the documentation appears false or unrelated, employers must refuse acceptance and ask for other documentation from the government's list of acceptable documents.
       From the information given above, it CANNOT be validly concluded that

4. Agent Smith is in charge of all of the canine teams in his sector. Fifteen canine teams are stationed in his sector. Most of the canine teams are located at stations along the border. Several canine teams are located away from the border in large urban areas. All of the teams must be available to travel to any duty station within the sector.
From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, in Agent Smith's sector,

5. If a nonimmigrant alien (for example, a tourist) enters the United States illegally or enters legally but violates his or her nonimmigrant status, the alien is considered to be an undocumented alien. If an alien accepts unauthorized employment, remains longer than permitted, or commits one of several other violations, the alien has violated his or her nonimmigrant status. Some of these undocumented aliens purchase counterfeit documents or assume another person's identity by using fraudulently obtained genuine documents. R.G. is a nonimmigrant alien who is living in the United States.

6. Following the Vietnam War, many people from Southeast Asia were paroled into the United States with an indefinite immigration status. In 2003, a new rule was developed to allow for adjustment of immigration status for some of these people. According to the new rule, all nationals of Vietnam (and some others—for example, nationals of Cambodia) who were paroled into the United States through the Orderly Departure Program were eligible to apply for permanent resident status.
       From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, based on the new rule of 2003,

7. The two ways of acquiring U.S. citizenship at birth are by place of birth and inheritance from U.S. citizen parents. Any child born in the United States while under American jurisdiction is a U.S. citizen at birth. Because foreign ambassadors are not subject to American jurisdiction, children born in the United States to foreign ambassadors do not obtain U.S. citizenship at birth. Children born overseas to U.S. citizen parents derive U.S. citizenship at birth, as long as the parents previously lived in the United States for a sufficient period of time. All others must naturalize to become citizens. J.B. was not a U.S. citizen at birth.

8. Naturalized U.S. citizens can lose their U.S. citizenship if and only if they expatriate or are denaturalized. Misrepresentation on a legal permanent residence application, certain crimes, and leaving the United States within one year of naturalization to establish permanent residence elsewhere are all grounds for denaturalization. P.C. is a naturalized U.S. citizen.

9. Although the owner of a certain farm said that all her Central American (for example, Salvadoran and Honduran) workers were working legally, Border Patrol Agents discovered that many of the farm's employees were not authorized to work in the United States. After checking the employees' documentation, Border Patrol Agents discovered that all of the female employees were working in the United States legally and none of the illegal workers were from Honduras.
       From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, concerning the employees on this farm,

10. When officers must physically force entry into a home, they are required to ensure that the home is in a secure condition when they leave. Failure to secure the home leaves the officers liable for loss of items from the home and/or damage to the home that results from leaving the property unsecured. It is legal to break down doors in order to gain entry, if that degree of force is determined by an officer to be necessary. If an officer forces entry, the officer is required to take measures to minimize damage to the property. Officer Stoler needs to gain entry into a suspect's home.

11. Oleoresin capsicum (OC), or pepper spray, is an effective law enforcement tool for incapacitating violent or threatening arrestees without using deadly force. Pepper spray causes a burning sensation of the eyes and skin and tearing and swelling of the eyes. Almost all arrestees are unable to see after being sprayed with OC. Some law enforcement agencies that have adopted OC sprays have fewer allegations of use of excessive force. Many law enforcement agencies have reported a reduction in officer and arrestee injuries as a result of the introduction of OC sprays.

12. Reinstatement allows a former federal employee to reenter the federal competitive service workforce without competing with the public in a civil service examination. If an applicant has reinstatement eligibility, the applicant is eligible to apply for any open civil service examination, as well as for federal jobs open only to federal employees. There is no time limit on reinstatement eligibility in certain cases. For example, if an applicant has veterans' preference or has acquired federal career tenure by completing three years of substantially continuous creditable service, the applicant has permanent reinstatement eligibility. C.P. formerly worked in the federal competitive service workforce.

13. Green cards authorize aliens to work in the United States. The cards have a ten-year expiration period. Application for a renewal of a green card can be made beginning six months in advance of expiration. In order to apply for renewal of a green card, the applicant is required to apply in person and bring his or her current green card, application, fee, and new photos. It may take one year for applicants to receive new green cards, but temporary documents are provided.

14. When an illegal alien is being removed, the alien's passport in U.S. government possession is returned to the issuing government, not to the illegal alien. If the illegal alien's departure is voluntary, the passport is allowed to be returned to the alien. The U.S. government holds the passport of H.B., an illegal alien who must leave the country.

15. The chief of police strives to provide quality service to the community while using resources efficiently. Accordingly, the chief must take into account several factors when allocating resources. For example, if it is a holiday weekend, additional staff are assigned to duty. However, if additional staff are assigned to duty, special funding is needed from the city council.
From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that

16. Recently, Border Patrol Agents received leads from informants about possible illegal activity at La Rosita Park. When agents arrived at the park, they drove through the parking lots, looking for individuals and vehicles matching their leads. They examined several suspicious vehicles, including many unregistered vehicles. All of the unregistered vehicles contained bundles of marijuana. No arrests have been made in connection with this incident.