1. Technology can be of great value in protecting U.S. borders. Border Patrol Agents need to know how this technology works and when to use it. Among the tools available are remote video surveillance and sensing (RVSS) cameras, radiation detection equipment, satellite communications, and remote access to national law enforcement databases. These devices can give agents an advantage in keeping illegal immigrants out, and in apprehending them once they've entered the United States illegally.

2. Under INA law, unless an applicant for citizenship is physically unable to do so through blindness or deafness, he or she must be able to speak, understand, read, and write simple English. Before 1978, the act provided an exemption to the literacy requirement for persons who, on the effective date in 1952, were over 50 years of age and had been residing in the United States for periods totaling at least 20 years. In 1978, Congress amended the provision to exempt any person who was over the age of 50 at the time of filing a petition and who had been lawfully admitted for permanent residence for periods totaling 20 years.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, on the effective date in 1952, all people over 50 years of age

3. If a state has the final authority to determine citizenship, this can result in some persons having dual nationalities and others being stateless. A child can be born stateless when two situations arise simultaneously—the state in which the child is born only recognizes the child as receiving the nationality of the parents, and the parents' home state only recognizes the nationality of the state where the child is born.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, in the case of a child born in a state other than his parents' home state,

4. Criminals should be held accountable for their behavior. If holding criminals accountable for their behavior requires harsh sentencing, then so be it. However, no person should be held accountable for behavior over which he or she had no ­control.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded ­that

5. The U.S. immigration laws are designed to protect the health, welfare, and security of the United States. Therefore, these laws prohibit the issuance of visas to applicants who fit within certain categories. Among those who must be refused visas are those with a communicable disease, those with a dangerous physical or mental disorder, those who have committed serious criminal acts, and those who have used illegal means to enter the United States.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, under U.S. immigration laws,

6. The U.S. immigration laws are designed to protect the health, welfare, and security of the United States. Therefore, these laws prohibit the issuance of visas to applicants who fit within certain categories. Among those who must be refused visas are those with a communicable disease, those with a dangerous physical or mental disorder, those who have committed serious criminal acts, and those who have used illegal means to enter the United States.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, under U.S. immigration laws,

7. One strategy to control the nation's borders involves demonstrating the futility of crossing the borders illegally. This sometimes requires Border Patrol Agents to perform activities within the United States, away from the borders. Among the reasons for this are to seek out and arrest aliens living illegally inside the United States, and to find and stop the modes of transportation used to transport illegal aliens across and within U.S. borders.

8. The United States is a country of immigrants who came to inherit the land neither by divine right nor by open immigration policy. Because the land was taken from indigenous inhabitants, it is wrong for current citizens to exclude future immigrants. However, some people believe that too much immigration may compromise the standard of living in the United States. As a result, jobs and resources may be taken from persons who are already citizens, so that the very reasons immigrants were historically attracted to the United States—that is, all its advantages and opportunities—may be threatened if the country becomes overcrowded.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that

9. Under INA law, unless an applicant for citizenship is physically unable to do so through blindness or deafness, he or she must be able to speak, understand, read, and write simple English. Before 1978, the act provided an exemption to the literacy requirement for persons who, on the effective date in 1952, were over 50 years of age and had been residing in the United States for periods totaling at least 20 years. In 1978, Congress amended the provision to exempt any person who was over the age of 50 at the time of filing a petition and who had been lawfully admitted for permanent residence for periods totaling 20 years.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that, on the effective date in 1952, all people over 50 years of age

10. The United States is a country of immigrants who came to inherit the land neither by divine right nor by open immigration policy. Because the land was taken from indigenous inhabitants, it is wrong for current citizens to exclude future immigrants. However, some people believe that too much immigration may compromise the standard of living in the United States. As a result, jobs and resources may be taken from persons who are already citizens, so that the very reasons immigrants were historically attracted to the United States—that is, all its advantages and opportunities—may be threatened if the country becomes overcrowded.From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that

11. Police Sergeant O'Malley reports that all police precincts in the city of Garrison have drug-seeking dogs, and that some police precincts in the same city have search-and-rescue dogs. Sergeant O'Malley professes to know all about dogs. Search-and-rescue dogs, he says, are better at tracking, but are disobedient, whereas drug-seeking dogs are obedient. All the precincts, Sergeant O'Malley maintains, have discontinued the use of attack dogs, because they are too dangerous.From the information given, it CANNOT be validly concluded that, according to Sergeant O'Malley,

12. According to the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, 'No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.'From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that

13. Under Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) law, any alien who is believed likely to become a public charge is excludable at the time of application. However, in Matter of Kohama (1978), it was decided that an immigrating couple who had no means of support other than reliance on their daughter and son-in-law, who were U.S. residents, could not be excluded as likely to become public charges. The daughter and son-in-law gave depositions and submitted affidavits as evidence of their ability and willingness to support the couple. The court held that such evidence was sufficient to overcome the belief that they would become charges of the state.

14. Protecting the United States' northern border presents unique challenges due to its length, geography, and weather. The solutions to protect the northern border include a combination of maintaining sufficient workforce levels, improved communications and other technology, additional air assets, partnerships with state and local authorities, and use of checkpoints and other deterrents.

15. Under Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) law, any alien who is believed likely to become a public charge is excludable at the time of application. However, in Matter of Kohama (1978), it was decided that an immigrating couple who had no means of support other than reliance on their daughter and son-in-law, who were U.S. residents, could not be excluded as likely to become public charges. The daughter and son-in-law gave depositions and submitted affidavits as evidence of their ability and willingness to support the couple. The court held that such evidence was sufficient to overcome the belief that they would become charges of the state.

16. Police Sergeant O'Malley reports that all police precincts in the city of Garrison have drug-seeking dogs, and that some police precincts in the same city have search-and-rescue dogs. Sergeant O'Malley professes to know all about dogs. Search-and-rescue dogs, he says, are better at tracking, but are disobedient, whereas drug-seeking dogs are obedient. All the precincts, Sergeant O'Malley maintains, have discontinued the use of attack dogs, because they are too dangerous.From the information given, it CANNOT be validly concluded that, according to Sergeant O'Malley,