The direction of a line relative to a given meridian is called:

Basic Surveying topis include: Surveying terms, chain, compass and plane table surveying, levelling equipments and methods, contouring and edm. Civil engineering surveying is the process of determining the location and elevation of points on a piece of land. It's used to create plans and maps for civil engineering projects, such as bridges, dams, roads, and canals.  Civil engineering surveying typically involves: Measuring horizontal and vertical distances between points Describing the characteristics of the land structure and surface Using boundary surveys to detail the boundaries of a... Show more

Basic Surveying topis include: Surveying terms, chain, compass and plane table surveying, levelling equipments and methods, contouring and edm.

Civil engineering surveying is the process of determining the location and elevation of points on a piece of land. It's used to create plans and maps for civil engineering projects, such as bridges, dams, roads, and canals. 

Civil engineering surveying typically involves:
Measuring horizontal and vertical distances between points
Describing the characteristics of the land structure and surface
Using boundary surveys to detail the boundaries of a property
Using spherical trigonometry to find exact locations and reference points
Using geodetic surveying to take the curvature of the earth into account 

Surveying can involve using a number of pieces of equipment, including:
Chain
Tapes
Total Stations
Global Navigational Satellite Systems 

Some methods of calculating areas in surveying include:
Midpoint ordinate rule
Average ordinate rule
Simpson's rule
Trapezoidal rule
Graphical rule 

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