If D is the depth of water upstream of the throat above its sill, B is the width of the throat, to achieve critical flow in an open venturi flume, the theoretical maximum flow Q, is

Irrigation engineering is the process of artificially supplying water to the soil in order to grow crops. It is the science of designing and planning an efficient, low-cost irrigation system that is tailored to natural conditions.

Irrigation engineering is also being used to research water recycling methods and develop new ways of minimizing water seepage and evaporation loss.