The difference in the reservoir level and the lowest point of the water mains is 180 m. The expected pressure due to water hammer is 7.5 kg/cm2 in a pressure conduit of diameter 1 m. Assuming the efficiency of the riveted joints of the pipe as 0.6 and minimum cover 3 mm for corrosion, the thickness of the pipe materials, is

Water Supply Engineering is a branch of engineering concerned with the development of sources of supply, transmission, distribution, and treatment of water.

The term is commonly used for municipal (city) water works, but applies also to water systems for industry, irrigation, wastewater reuse, and other purposes.