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Physiology Practice Test: Chemical Messengers
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Chemical messengers are molecules that transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles.  Some types of chemical messengers include: Neurotransmitters: These are molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages. Hormones: These are chemicals that carry messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues. Neuropeptides Pheromones  Chemical messengers can also be local or paracrine. Autocrine agents: These are local chemical messengers that are released into the extracellular fluid and act upon the same cells that secreted them. Paracrine... Show more
Physiology Practice Test: Chemical Messengers
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25 Questions

1. Albumin is a peptide hormone.
2. Which of the following ions can act as a second messenger?
3. In order to terminate a cAMP-mediated response, the enzyme ________ can be activated to degrade cAMP.
4. Once a steroid hormone is synthesized, it is ________.
5. Which of the following is a second messenger?
6. Aspirin decreases inflammation by inhibiting the actions of what enzyme?
7. The α1 adrenergic receptor has the greatest affinity for what messenger?
8. What is a molecule that is similar in structure to a messenger and binds with that messengerʹs receptor to stimulate a response from the target cell called?
9. Catecholamines are derived from what amino acid?
10. Which of the following will NOT affect the magnitude of a cellʹs response to a specific hydrophilic ligand?
11. The higher concentration of messenger, the greater the response in the target cell.
12. Chronic exposure to a ligand (messenger) ________ the receptor population for that chemical messenger on the target cell.
13. In its active form, a G protein will have ________.
14. A single cell can have receptors for different messengers.
15. What type of enzyme removes the phosphate group from a covalently modulated protein?
16. Which of the following enzymes directly covalently modulates a protein?
17. The body is able to synthesize the amino acids glutamate, aspartate, and glycine from ________.
18. Which of the following classes of chemical messengers travels in the bloodstream to the target cell?
19. Which type of chemical messenger, when released, binds to receptors on the cell that released the chemical messenger?
20. The target cell of a neurotransmitter is the postsynaptic cell.
21. Which of the following chemical messengers is NOT derived from an amino acid?
22. Tyrosine kinases are enzymes that add a phosphate group to tyrosine residues on other proteins, changing the conformation of those proteins.
23. All the messengers function as hormones for which of the following chemical classes?
24. Which of the following proteins is directly activated by a G protein?
25. Which of the following chemical messengers is lipophilic and is therefore able to cross the cell membrane?