1. Lysosomes contain acid hydrolases that degrade any number of molecules. If a lysosome's membrane were to break, what, if anything, would prevent these hydrolases from degrading everything in the cell's cytoplasm?

2. Why are sexual reproduction and meiosis considered beneficial to species in terms of evolutionary forces and selection?

3. Which of these methods of membrane transport is always active (that is, always transports molecules against their concentration gradients)?

4. Answer the following question about the nuclear pore complex. If there were an error in the β subunit of importin that prevented it from being bound to Ran/GTP, which of the following would happen?

5. Identify the mitotic phase or cell behavior during which the following occurs in animal cells: chromosomes de-condense.

6. A molecule that is not membrane permeable binds to a membrane protein on the outside of a cell. This changes the conformation of the protein, causing the binding site to face the inside of the cell. The molecule is then released into the cell and the conformation of the binding site changes again so that it is outside the cell. This is a description of what type of transport(er)?

7. What property of actin assembly leads to its very high turnover in cells that is, causing it to rapidly assemble and disassemble?

8. When metaphase chromosomes are stained with dye, they show a pattern of dark and light bands; each chromosome's band pattern is unique but consistent to that chromosome, and each gene within a chromosome is regularly located within the same band. Which of the following indicates what this tells us about chromosome organization?

9. Identify the portion of the nuclear envelope described: it is the site of structural support and chromatin attachment.

10. Which of the following is not one of the ways in which meiosis is different from mitosis?

11. In which cell-cycle phase(s) would you expect the human nerve cell to be?

12. SRPs are involved in what cellular process?

13. Which of these is false in regards to mitochondria and chloroplasts?

14. Which macromolecules include portions that, because of their negative charge, can bind positive ions and water molecules to form supportive gels?

15. You want to be able to observe a cell during specific points in mitosis. You expose the cell to a drug that prevents sister chromatids from separating. Which cell behavior or step of the mitotic cycle have you blocked?

16. In the extracellular matrix of bone cells, you would expect to find:

17. In the extracellular matrix of cartilage cells, you would expect to find:

18. You suspect that growth-factor signaling is impaired in the cells you are studying. Which type of receptors might not be functioning properly in these cells?

19. Identify the mitotic phase or cell behavior during which the following occurs in animal cells: chromosomes are lined up along the mitotic spindle.

20. Which of the following is an example of a repressor of transcription?

21. The following protein example describes which level of its structure? A glucose transporter is made up of many α helices.

22. You want to be able to observe a cell during specific points in mitosis. You expose the cell to a drug that prevents sister chromatids from separating. At which step of the mitotic cycle have you arrested the cell?

23. Some genes that are present in all cells are only active in certain cells or tissues. What is the best and most likely way through which this selective expression occurs?

24. Which of the following events occurs during the anaphase of meiosis II?

25. Identify the type of receptor based on its description: one of the most common receptors in eukaryotic cells, they have seven membrane-spanning domains.