1. A type of economy in which prices and wages are determined manly by supply and demand

2.
A quasi-fascist, hyper-nationalist, militaristic absolute monarchy that dominated East Asia during the Second World War; one of the Axis Powers.

3.
United States foreign policy after World War II to revive war-torn economies of Europe by lending them $13 billion in aid. It was accepted by western and southern European countries, but the Soviet Union didn't allow its eastern European allies to take it. It helped stabilize western Europe after the war to prevent the rise of extremists.

4.
A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946 after it was unable to prevent World War II.

5.
When British King Charles I refused to follow a document called Petition of Right, limiting his power by recognizing rights of the people, Parliament went to war with him. The English Civil War, as this event is also called, resulted in Parliament's army defeating the King's. They tried him for treason and beheaded him.

6.
An open peaceful violation of a law to protest its alleged injustice, as used by Gandhi in India's independence movement.

7. Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945).

8.
This is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations without arousing hostility. Representatives of countries who do this are called diplomats.

9.
17th century English Enlightenment philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings, subscribed to the Social Contract Theory of Government and who asserted that people have Natural Rights, such as life, liberty and property.

10.
Nationalist leader in India, who called for a non-violent revolution using civil disobedience to gain his country's freedom from the British Empire, which it did in 1949.

11.
A policy of avoiding economic, political or military involvement with other countries.

12.
A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations.

13.
Social Darwinism was the application of the concept of Charles Darwin's 'survival of the fittest' to human society. Successful people were 'fitter' than those less successful and, therefore, deserving. The idea was used to justify the mistreatment of the working class because they were believed to be 'unfit.'

14.
In the religion of Judaism, these are places of worship for a Jews.

15. A gradual increase in average global temperature

16.
Leaders of countries that are also religious leaders.

17.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. This was a Cold War alliance system in which member countries agreed to defend each other if they were attacked by any other country (mutual defense or collective security). At that time it included: US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries (so the non-communists).

18.
Primary sources are documents from the actual event or time period. Secondary sources are ones written after the fact about the event or time period.

19.
He was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His main accomplishments were restoring law and order and establishing his law code, which made the ideals of the Enlightenment law in France and the areas he conquered (even after).

20. In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 soldiers and 50,000 horses. This invasion led to the scorched earth policy which left the French hungry and cold when winter came.

21.
Venezuelan statesman and leader of revolts of South American colonies against Spanish rule, such as the country he founded, Bolivia. He emancipated slaves in the colonies in order to draw them to his cause and to gain supplies from Haiti. He was nicknamed 'the Liberator.'

22.
King of France from 1774-1792. In 1789, he summoned the Estates-General to raise taxes, but the Third Estate demanded reforms. He refused, causing the French Revolution. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed by the guillotine in 1793.

23.
The idea that American and European countries had a duty to spread their culture (and religion) to other 'less civilized' parts of the world. In this way imperialism was justified as doing a good thing. The name came from a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling.

24.
A state created apart from religious establishments and in which there is a high degree of separation between religious and political organizations.

25.
former slave in Haiti who led revolt against French, taking over the island until Napoleon sent forces to retake it