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POLSC402 Final Exam Global Justice

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MCQs on contemporary debates and controversies regarding global justice. Topics include: human rights theory, the moral significance of national and cultural boundaries, the currency of distributive justice, global inequality and poverty, environmental devastation, and violence against women and children.

POLSC402 Final Exam Global Justice

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25 Questions

1. Complete the following statement.Immanuel Kant's 'perpetual peace among states' refers to:

the absence of open hostilities between states for a period lasting a minimum of one hundred years.the absence of open hostilities, which is operationalized through the balance of power.the permanent end of all hostilities between states, which is operationalized through an increased emphasis on the rule of law in relations between states.an utopian ideal of peace that is impossible to achieve given the human propensity for warfare.

2. Protecting and promoting human rights, and therefore furthering justice, is more challenging in the existing state system because of which of the following political concepts?

Global governanceSelf-determinationInterdependenceSovereignty

3. What is the link between slavery and global justice?

The persistence of slavery in virtually all parts of the world reflects the personal vulnerabilities created by poverty and simultaneously undermines global justice objectives.Modern slavery is a localized phenomenon that persists in countries with cultural traditions of slavery; therefore, slavery should not be considered a global justice issue.The abolition of slavery throughout the world in the nineteenth century has greatly contributed to global justice.Global justice is not attainable as long as multinational corporations rely on slavery for their production models.

4. In what way does the two-tier hierarchy of the UN undermine the objectives of global justice?

The UN's two-tier hierarchy perpetuates the inherently unfair financial obligations of the permanent members of the Security Council.The veto power of the powerful members of the Security Council is problematic for global justice, because the rotating membership does not allow for consistency in policy objectives.The veto power accorded to the permanent members of the Security Council institutionalizes sovereign inequality and therefore weakens joint decision-making responsibility of the international community.The UN's two-tier hierarchy accords greater significance to the world's nuclear states, which is a direct recognition of the value of nuclear weaponry.

5. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the relationship between human rights litigation and justice?

Litigation is a valid and straightforward approach to obtaining justice for victims of human rights abuse; both domestic and international courts are amenable to human rights cases and tend to rule in favor of the victims.While litigation is a valid approach to obtaining justice for victims of human rights abuse, the process of seeking justice through the legal system is complex and complicated by questions of representation and interests of external actors.While litigation is a valid approach to obtaining justice for victims of human rights abuse, litigation tends only to be successful when the number of interested parties is limited.International human rights law discourages litigation as a form of redress for human rights grievances.

6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the relationship between civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights?

Economic, social, and cultural rights are secondary to civil and political rights, because a society must achieve a certain level of affluence before such rights might be enjoyed.Civil and political rights take precedence over economic, social, and cultural rights, because rights such as voting and freedom of speech are indispensable for guaranteeing rights such as health care and education.Civil and political rights as well as economic, social, and cultural rights are intrinsically interconnected and therefore need to be simultaneously protected and promoted.Economic, social, and cultural rights are more easily equated to human needs and therefore must take precedence over civil and political rights.

7. Which of the following statements most aptly summarizes divergent views on responsibility for world poverty?

Some contend that responsibility for world poverty rests primarily with the affluent and the global economic structures perpetuated by them, while others maintain that poverty is a domestic human rights violation that may or may not have been shaped by global dynamics.Responsibility for world poverty is placed with multinational corporations who engage in the ruthless exploitation of workers in far-flung places or, alternatively, is placed with global economic structures that inherently disadvantage developing states.Divergent views on responsibility for world poverty result from a fundamentally different understanding of historical dynamics that shaped the current global order.Some argue that world poverty constitutes a human rights violation on the part of the industrialized states, while others argue that world poverty is solely a consequence of poor policy planning and implementation within individual states.

8. In what way may the individual's and the community's claims for justice be reconciled with respect to female circumcision or female genital cutting?

An appeal to human rights is the most effective way to reconcile these competing claims to justice, because no community wishes to be seen as a violator of human rights.Such competing claims to justice are not reconcilable; the practice of female genital cutting ultimately violates the rights of the individual, while its eradication results in the violation of the rights of the group.The individual's right to health and the community's right to culture is best reconciled when local communities are educated about the harmful effects of female genital cutting by members of their communities.Legislation banning the practice of female genital cutting ultimately provides justice to both the individual and the community, because the legal approach is recognized as having the best interest of all at heart.

9. What is the difference between positive duties and negative duties with respect to alleviating world poverty?

Negative duties connote the responsibility to provide aid to the poor, while positive duties refer to the responsibility to not do harm by seeking change to the structural arrangements that perpetuate global poverty.Positive duties refer to the direct involvement of affluent countries to better the lives of the poor, while negative duties refer to the abstention of involvement to allow poor countries to lift themselves out of poverty.Both terms, positive duties and negative duties, refer to the same moral responsibility to provide aid to the poor.Positive duties connote the responsibility to provide aid to the poor, while negative duties refer to the responsibility to not do harm by seeking change to the structural arrangements that perpetuate global poverty.

10. Which of the following statements best captures the changing nature of international law?

While non-state actors play a growing role in the formulation of international law, international law continues to pertain exclusively to interstate relations.While the codification of international law is no longer the exclusive domain of states, international law continues to pertain exclusively to interstate relations.The sources of international law have broadened to include processes that involve non-state actors and international law and pertains to both interstate and intrastate relations.While international law has evolved to regulate the lives of individuals in addition to interstate relations, international law continues to be formulated by states.

11. Complete the following sentence.The development of civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights as two distinct areas of international human rights law occurred because:

the enumerated human rights were too plentiful to be encompassed by one single human rights document.economic, social, and cultural rights needed to be prioritized over civil and political rights.the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was not legally binding.of the conflicting political ideologies that characterized the Cold War.

12. Which of the following statements is true with respect to global distributive justice and sovereignty?

Sovereignty encourages communal ties beyond state boundaries and thereby contributes to global distributive justice.Sovereignty consistently undermines the efforts of international institutions to ease abject poverty.Sovereignty has the capacity to both facilitate and complicate the goals of global distributive justice.Sovereignty is inherently detrimental to global distributive justice, because it does not permit states to intervene in the affairs of another state for any reason.

13. What is the link between e-waste and global justice?

Shipments of e-waste to developing countries place concrete environmental and human rights burdens onto local communities and underscore global spatial inequalities.Shipments of e-waste to developing countries further the goals of global justice as they provide jobs and resources to local communities.Efforts to regulate e-waste, such as those by the Basel Action Network, demonstrate the ease with which the international community can work towards global justice.E-waste highlights the consumerism in the western world.

14. Which of the following scenarios best depicts the potential clash between the right to property and the use thereof, an individual human right, and the human need for food?

A drought severely reduces the harvest.A store owner refuses to stock canned vegetables.A farmer grows corn for ethanol for greater profits.A farmer grows genetically modified corn for greater yields.

15. What is the relationship between child soldiers and the universal/relative human rights dichotomy?

The issue of age for defining child soldiers underscores regional differences in defining childhood and, consequently, encumbers the establishment of international norms to protect children.The use of child soldiers is limited to specific regions; therefore, it is a relative and not a universal human rights issue.The use of child soldiers supports the relative conceptualization of human rights and justice, because child soldiers are engaged in warfare to achieve justice on a local level.The use of child soldiers undermines the universal conceptualization of human rights and justice because of the divergent views on the acceptability of its practice.

16. Complete the following statement.The forces of globalization:

simultaneously perpetuate global injustices and present unique opportunities to address such injustices in meaningful ways.undermine all efforts to address global injustices.are responsible for the existence of global justice.allow global decision-makers to impose global norms on local communities.

17. The historical development of human rights in the post-World War II era included which of the following?

There was a progression from local practices and norms to national laws and eventually the development of internationally agreed upon human rights law.There was an initial disregard for broad concepts of human rights such as genocide and torture.Human rights law transitioned from codified to customary law as its principal foundation.There was a gradual transition from narrowly defined rights attached to the individual to more broadly conceived rights for groups and communities as well as individuals.

18. Which of the following describes one way in which the human rights framework contributes to the advancement of global justice?

Human rights serve as a policy instrument used by actors such as states, IGOs, and NGOs to effect policy and behavior changes of other actors.The topic of human rights is so delicate that world leaders shy away from the subject in diplomatic meetings, ensuring non-interference in the domestic affairs of other states.The general global acceptance of the notion of human rights accords significant authority to the United Nations to enforce human rights law, advancing the ideals of global justice.The human rights framework publicly criticizes the actions of foreign governments, demanding compliance with international human rights law.

19. Complete the following statement.Institutions such as the International Criminal Court:

attempt to overcome the lack of a global agent for global justice and provide effective mechanisms for redress of grievances for victims of human rights abuse.fulfill the role of human rights arbiter and are equally respected as such by all states and local communities.ensure that victims of human rights abuse are fairly compensated for their experiences.guarantee full participatory rights for individuals and groups seeking justice for genocidal crimes.

20. Complete the following sentence.The drafting and adoption process of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples:

undermines the international human rights community's advocacy for civil and political rights.demonstrates that competing claims to rights claimed by groups, in this case states and indigenous peoples, can be reconciled to mutual satisfaction.validates the inherent claims for collective self-determination espoused by indigenous peoples.encapsulates the tensions between states' claim to territorial integrity under state sovereignty and indigenous peoples' claim to cultural and political self-determination.

21. Which of the following statements best reflects the significance of David Hume's writings on justice for contemporary global political discourse?

An understanding of justice that is grounded in the mutual usefulness of its merits should serve as a guiding principle for political interactions at the global level.During times of war, the utility of justice ceases to exist; hence, global justice is impossible given the temporal pervasiveness of warfare.Hume's conceptualization of justice has no bearing on contemporary global political discourse, because the societal need for self-preservation has overcome the utility of justice.The diversity of societal conceptualizations of justice renders Hume's musings on this topic meaningless for today's world.

22. Which of the following statements is most compatible with the cosmopolitan stance on global justice?

While global justice is a commendable objective, its pursuit is disadvantageous to social justice within a state.There is no global consensus on why people should be equally well off; hence, such a pursuit is futile.While global justice is dependent on a principle of equality, it does not repudiate the role of responsibility based on choices.Global justice is achieved when all available resources are equally distributed among all people worldwide.

23. Why is early marriage a concern from a global justice perspective?

The practice of early marriage violates children's human rights, and due to the interplay between early marriage and education, it has profound ramifications for the individuals' and societies' socio-economic well-being.Global justice cannot be achieved as long as individuals are not free to enter into marriages through their consent as this undermines their capacity for global citizenship.The practice of early marriage is pervasive in all parts of the world; therefore, it represents a challenge for the international community as a whole.The practice of early marriage obfuscates the objectives of global justice, because it compromises familial decision-making structures.

24. Which of the following statements is true with respect to nationalist and cosmopolitan orientations to global justice?

Nationalists hold that global justice should be conceived not along lines of equality but of sufficiency, while cosmopolitans contend that some form of the equality principle is essential for global justice.Nationalists and cosmopolitans place different values on the sense of responsibility to co-nationals and non-nationals, but this differentiation has no bearing on their understanding of global justice.Nationalists contend that global justice, based on full equality, is not possible, while cosmopolitans hold that global justice depends on full equality of opportunity.Nationalists argue that nationality inherently plays a role in the pursuit of justice, and cosmopolitans argue that the patriotic sentiment is conducive to global justice.

25. Which of the following statements best represents one basis for some scholars' cautionary stance on patriotism?

Patriotism instills a sense of superiority that is valuable for the pursuit of justice on the national level.Patriotism is a narrow-minded orientation to identity that encourages emphasis on matters of national well-being to the exclusion of global concerns.Patriotism does not allow for a conceptualization of global justice due to its inward-looking orientation.Patriotism potentially undermines the goals of global justice, because its emphasis on national identity and pride may lead to a subversion of moral ideals such as justice and equality.

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com