1. Which of the following will not impact the allele frequencies in a population?

2. New genetic variation within populations is mainly caused by which of the following?

3. If you conduct a monohybrid cross, (Aa x Aa), what is the probability of getting either AA or Aa genotypes?

4. You want to create a chromosome map that reveals the relationships between four different genes: A, B, G, and H. Through controlled crosses, you learn that A and H are 17.9 cM apart; A and B are 10 cM apart; B and H are 7.9 cM apart; A and G are 2.5 cM apart; and H and G are 20.4 cM apart. In which order are your genes located?

5. You create a karyotype on a pair of cells: one of which is a somatic cell from the parent and the other of which is from a gamete of that same plant. Your initial banding pattern focuses on a certain order of genes that are under study. The order from the parent plant is C, E, G, H, P. The order from the gamete is C, H, G, E, P. What type of mutation caused this pattern in the gamete?

6. What fraction of the offspring will express two recessive traits, if a pea plant that is heterozygous for the flower color (purple is dominant and white is recessive), for the seed color (yellow is dominant and green is recessive), and for the pod color (green is dominant and yellow is recessive) is self-pollinating?

7. Compare and contrast in vivo and in vitro DNA duplication.

8. What are the genotypes of A, B, and C individuals in the following family pedigree? Use F for the dominant allele and f for the recessive allele.

9. Fill in the blank. In meiosis I, _______ determines the number of chromosomes in the gametes. This is an essential process that serves to keep the same number of chromosomes in the embryo that will be formed when the gametes get together.

10. What is the inheritance pattern of the trait in the following pedigree?

11. Complete the following sentence. The fugu genome is 400 Mb and the human genome is 3,000 Mb, and both the fugu and the human genomes have about 30,000 genes. The fugu genome can accommodate the same number of genes as the human genome, because:

12. Which of the following is less prone to cancer development, and why?

13. Panels 4 through 6 of the image below illustrate which of the following biological processes?

14. You are a geneticist who uses Neurospora to study recombination, and you observe the following spore color patterns. Note that Ascus is the package that the spores were formed in. What do you conclude from this diagram?

15. Which of the following statements regarding crossing over is true?

16. Which of the following statements about class II transposons is true?

17. In a three-point test cross, one parent is triple heterozygote for three genes that are on the same chromosome and the other parent is homozygous recessive for the same three genes. The dominant alleles of these genes are A, B, and D; the recessive alleles are a, b, and d. The following table shows how many offspring express certain alleles:

How far are the A and B genes from each other?

18. The following image outlines conventional breeding, transgenesis, and cisgenesis. The aim of all of these techniques is to generate an organism with desired traits. Which of the following technologies uses recombinant DNA?

19. Complete the following sentence. Barr bodies, found in mammalian females, are interpreted as inactivated:

20. The most common aneuploidies in humans are trisomies. Trisomies result in how many chromosomes?

21. Which of the following statements best describes a mutation that contributes to cancer development?

22. Complete the following sentence. If you compare female and male gametogeneses in humans, you can determine that:

23. The Philadelphia chromosome influences the structure of human chromosomes 9 and 22, and it causes a rare form of leukemia. Study the following image, and then answer the question: What is the correct term to describe the chromosomal changes that lead to the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome?

24. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disease. Assume that a mother has cystic fibrosis and that there is a technique to analyze the polar bodies for the presence of the cystic fibrosis alleles. Is it possible to determine if the oocyte has a cystic fibrosis allele through the analysis of the polar bodies? Why, or why not?

25. The image below illustrates which of the following biological processes?