1. Legal Principle: An agreement is void if its object is unlawful.
Factual Situation: Sunil has a rich uncle who owned prime property in Chennai and had lot of money in the bank. Being the only heir, Sunil was sure that he would inherit the property. One day, the uncle called him to his room and announced that he planned to marry again. This angered Sunil and he plans to murder his uncle so he hired Anuj, a murderer and entered into a contract with him to kill his uncle. Sunil agreed to pay ` 10 lakhs to Anuj and even paid 5 lakhs as advance. The following night, Anuj entered the uncle's house intending to kill him. On reaching there, he realized that Sunil's uncle was already dead so he left without doing anything. Next day, after post mortem report, it transpired that Sunil's uncle had died due to heart attack. Now, Sunil wants to recover the advance from Anuj. Will he succeed? (AILET 2014)
Decision:

2. Legal Principle: res ipsa loquitur le. The thing speaks for itself.
Factual Situation: Seema got herself operated for the removal of her uterus in the defendant's hospital, as she was diagnosed to have a cyst in one of her ovaries. Due to the negligence of the surgeon, who performed the operation, abdominal pack was left in her abdomen. The same was removed by a second surgery. (CLAT 2013)

3. Legal Principle: Performance of a legal duty cannot be a consideration for a promise
Factual Situation: A's wallet is stolen by a thief. A lodges a complaint in the police station and A promises to pay a sum of ` 500 to the person who is able to apprehend the thief and get back his wallet. The policeman's servant X apprehends the thief and gets back the wallet. A refuses to pay X the promised '500. Choose the correct option: I. The servant is entitled to the reward. II. The policeman would have been entitled to the reward had he been the person to apprehend the thief. III. The policeman would be entitled to the reward even if he had not apprehended the thief. IV. The servant would not be entitled to the reward. (SET LAW 2012)

4. Legal Principle: Whoever takes away with him any minor less than sixteen years of age if a male, or less than eighteen years of age if a female, out of the custody of parents of such minor without the consent of such parents, is said to commit no offence.
Factual Situation: 'A', a man, took away a girl below sixteen years to Mumbai without informing the parents of the girl. (CLAT 2017)

5. Legal Principle: Where the parents of a minor child due to their negligence allow the child an opportunity to commit a tort, the parents are liable.
Factual Situation: The father supplied an air gun to his son who was about to turn 18 next month. After some complaints of mischief, the father took the gun away and placed it in a corner of their storeroom, which was used by the family to store surplus and other unnecessary stuff. The son took it out of the store and shot A. A sued his father. Is the father liable? (AILET 2014)
Decision:

6. Legal Principle: An agreement to do an act impossible in itself cannot be enforced by a court of law.
Factual Situation: Ramesh agrees with his girlfriend Shilpa to pluck stars from the sky through his extraordinary willpower and bring them down on earth for her within a week. After the expiry of one week, Shilpa filed a suit for damages against Ramesh for the breach of contract as Ramesh failed to perform his promise. (CLAT 2013)

7. Legal Principles: (AILET 2019) 1. Private nuisance is a continuous, unlawful and indirect interference with the use or enjoyment of land, or of some right over or in connection with it. 2. The person who for his own purposes brings on his lands and collects and keeps there anything likely to do mischief if it escapes, must keep it in at his peril, and if he does not do so, os rima facie answerable for all the damage which is the natural consequence of its escape. 3. Generally, nuisance cannot be justified on the ground of necessity, pecuniary interest, convenience, or economic advantage to a defendant. Facts: Dr. Hemant had for 18 years operated a clinic and hospital for the treatment of ENT. Dr Karan operated a renal clinic in which patients receive heamodialysis on the floor above the Dr. Hemant's clinic. The Karan was found liable for emitting from their clinic obnoxious fumes which escaped downwards into Hemant's clinic. Hemant his staff and patients were found to have suffered substantial damage ranging from skin diseases, ted and swollen eyes, headaches, lethargy and breathing difficulties Decide whether Karan is liable?

8. Assertion (A): The Council of Ministers at the Centre is collectively responsible both to the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Reason (R): The members of both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are eligible to be ministers of the Union government. (CLAT 2015)

9. Facts: X Purchased a disused cinema with the intention of turning into a Multiplex. Six weeks after, X entered the building for the first time, it was set on fire by intruders and destroyed. As a result, the adjacent building were also affected and damaged The cinema building was a target to vandals and childrens who often played there, but X had no knowledge of previous attempts to start fire at the cinema buildings. The owners of the adjacent building brought an action for negligence against X on grounds that X failed to take reasonable care for the safety of the buildings by not keeping the cinema locked, making regular inspections and employing a caretaker. Decide whether the occupier of a property owe a duty of care to the adjoining occupier in respect of acts of trespass on his property resulting in damage to the adjoining properties? (AILET 2019)

10. Assertion (A): The reservation of thirty-three per cent of seats for women in Parliament and State Legislature does not require Constitutional Amendment. Reason (R): Political parties contesting elections can allocate thirty-three per cent of seats they contest to women candidates without any Constitutional Amendment. (CLAT 2015)

11. Which of the following is correct? (CLAT 2011)

12. Legal Principle: Penal laws provide that whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman, shall be punished for rape.
Factual Situation: A Police Officer found a man engaged in carnal intercourse with an animal. The Police Officer arrested the man and produced him before the Court. (CLAT 2017)

13. Legal Principle: Nothing is an offence by reason that it causes, or that it is intended to cause, or that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm, if that harm is so slight that no person of ordinary sense and temper would complain of such harm.
Factual Situation: X takes a plain sheet of paper from Y's drawer without Y's consent to write a letter to his friend. (CLAT 2014)

14. Legal Principle: Interference with another's goods in such a way as to deny the latter's title to the goods amounts to conversion, and thus it is a civil wrong. It is an act intentionally done inconsistent with the owner's right, though the doer may not know of, or intend to challenge, the property or possession of the true owner.
Factual Situation: R went to a cyclestand to park his bicycle. Seeing the stand fully occupied, he removed a few bicycles in order to rearrange a portion of the stand and make some space for his bicycle. He parked his bicycle properly, and put back all the bicycles except the one belonging to S. In fact, R was in a hurry, and therefore, he could not put back S's bicycle. Somebody came on the way and took away S's bicycle. The watchman of the stand did not take care of it assuming that the bicycle was not parked inside the stand. S filed a suit against R for conversion. Which of the following derivations is correct? (CLAT 2014)

15. Legal Principle: The acceptance must be absolute and unqualified, leaving no ground for doubt or uncertainty. lf the acceptance is conditional, no valid contract is formed, and the offer can be withdrawn at any moment till the absolute acceptance has taken place within reasonable time of such offer.
Factual Situation: Delhi Government conducted an auction for the sale of license of wine shop. X offered the highest bid which was provisionally accepted “... subject to the confirmation of Chief Commissioner who may reject any bid without assigning any reasons.” Since X failed to deposit the required amount, Chief Commissioner rejected the bid. The government held X liable for the difference between the bid offered by him and the highest bid accepted in re-auction, and commenced proceedings for the recovery of the sum. It was contended on behalf of the government of Delhi that X was under a legal obligation to pay the difference as it was due to his default that a resale of the excise shop was ordered and hence X was liable for the deficiency in price and all expenses of such resale which was caused by his default. Decide, giving reason, whether X is liable to make payment to the Delhi Government. (AILET 2017)
Decision:

16. Legal Principle: Master/principal is vicariously liable for the tort committed by an servant/agent, in the performance of his duties as an servant/agent.
Factual Situation: The plaintiff, a bullion merchant was arrested by the police on a charge of purchasing stolen goods. Some of the gold and silver ornaments were seized from the plaintiff and were kept in the police station custody. The duty constable appropriated the gold ornaments and escaped to a foreign country. The plaintiff after being acquitted brought an action against the State for the compensation. In this case, compensation is: (AILET 2013)
Decision:

17. Principle: Death caused by rash or negligent act of a person is an offence. Facts: X was driving his SUV car in a lonely road leading to a forest at 160 km per hour. Suddenly, someone appears from the forest on the road and in the resultant accident, the car hits the commuter causing his death. (CLAT 2019)

18. Legal Principle: Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is bound by law to do it.
Factual Situation: A, a police officer, without warrant, apprehends Z, who has committed murder. (CLAT 2014)

19. Legal Principle: A contract which is duly supported by real and lawful consideration is valid notwithstanding the fact that the consideration is inadequate. The quantum of consideration is for the parties to decide at the time of making a contract and not for the courts (to decide) when the contract is sought to be enforced. An agreement to which the consent of the promisor is freely given is not void merely because the consideration is inadequate but the inadequacy of the consideration may be taken into account by the court in determining the question whether the consent of the promisor was freely given.
Factual Situation: A agrees to sell his mobile phone of ` 20,000 for ` 100 only to B. A's consent is freely given. Which of the following derivations is CORRECT? (CLAT 2014)

20. Legal Principle: Sale of liquor is illegal. All agreements relating to prohibited items do not exist in the eyes of law.
Factual Situation: 'A' entered into an agreement with 'B' for the sale of liquor. 'A' failed to supply the agreed quantity of liquor to 'B'. (CLAT 2016)

21. Rani ran to a well stating that she would jump into it, and she started running towards the well but she was caught before she could reach it. (CLAT 2015)

22. Legal Principle: The law states that a food business operator must be registered with or licensed by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) to run a food business. Fact Situation: Kavita's neighbours suffer food poisoning after consuming sweets gifted by her on the occasion of a celebration at her home. Kavita does not have a registration or license from the FSSAI. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate in relation to the legal principle stated above? (CLAT 2018)

23. Legal Principle: Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commits the offence of culpable homicide.
Factual Situation: A knows Z to be behind a bush. B does not know it. A, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely to cause Z's death, induces B to fire at the bush. B fires and kills Z. (CLAT 2014)

24. Legal Principle: Law does not penalize for wrongs which are of trivial nature.
Factual Situation: In the course of a discussion, 'A' threw a file of papers at the t able which touched the hands of 'B'. (CLAT 2016)

25. Legal Principle: The transferor of goods cannot pass a better title than what he himself possesses.
Factual Situation: X sells a stolen bike to Y. Y buys it in good faith. As regard to the title of the bike, which of the following derivations is correct? (CLAT 2014)