PCAT Biology Genetics
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PCAT Biology Genetics
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25 Questions

1. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)

2. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e

3. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters

4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex

5. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon

6. Cytosine and thymine

7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins

8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA

9. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase

10. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids

11. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism

12. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form

13. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule

14. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors

15. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable

16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model

17. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)

18. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines

19. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance

20. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness

21. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes

22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group

23. New codon may code for a different amino acid

24. Chromosome fragment

25. New codon may code for the same amino acid

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