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A-Level Chemistry Questions

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The OCR A Chemistry specification splits the content into 6 modules:

(1) Development of practical skills in chemistry (2) foundations in chemistry (3) Periodic table and energy (4) Core organic chemistry (5) Physical chemistry and transition metals (6) Organic chemistry and analysis.

A-Level Chemistry Questions

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25 Questions

1. What do the equivalence points mean here?

Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaClO + NaCl + H2O1The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

2. A strong acid has a pH of ________

3. Why is titanium oxide made into titanium chloride during the extraction of titanium?

The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaClO + NaCl + H2OThis is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

4. Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine and cold, dilute, aqueous sodium hydroxide.

1Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaClO + NaCl + H2OThis is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationThe equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

5. The order of subshells till 5p

The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation11s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p

6. What is a permanent dipole?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationThe equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1When charge is unevenly distributed across the entire molecule. If individual dipoles within a molecule aren't cancelled out then there is a permanent dipole.

7. Negative electrode potential means the half-cell will undergo ________

1The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.oxidation (Negative Oxidation Positive Reduction) No PRThis is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

8. Outline magnesium sulfate's solubility ________

Very solubleThe equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

9. What is standard entropy?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation1The standard entropy value of a substance is the entropy of one mole of a substance measured under standard conditions.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

10. Explain why the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution changes when the temperature of a gas is increased?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationAs the temperature of a gas increases, the kinetic energy of the gases, on average, will be more. Therefore the curve will shift to the right.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1

11.

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation1Bromine is molecular (1) Magneisum is metallic (1) Bromine has weak van der waal's forces between the molecules (1) so more energy is required to break the metallic bonds than the weak van der waal's forces between bromine molecules(1) Magnesium has a much greater liquid range due to stronger forces of attraction in liquid (1)The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

12. Why is 25°C - 42°C the necessary temperature for fermentation?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationIf it is too hot, the enzymes produced by yeast to convert aqueous glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol will denature. If it is too cold, the reaction will be slow.1The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

13. What are polyamides hydrolysed with?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationPolyamides are usually hydrolysed in acidic conditions because using water is far too slow.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1

14. Nitration

The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1Concentrated nitric acid and Concentrated Sulfuric acidThis is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

15. What product does both acid hydrolysis and base hydrolysis of esters form?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationAlcohols1The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

16. Products of incomplete combustion of alkanes: ________

Carbon monoxide and/or CarbonThe equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

17. When can optical isomerism occur in complex ions?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation1Optical isomerism can only occur in complex ions in an octahedral complexes when there are three bidenate ligands attached to the central ion.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

18. ________ is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of aqueous ions are formed from 1 mole of gaseous ions.

1Enthalpy of hydrationThis is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationThe equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

19. Calorimetric method for two solutions:

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation1Put both solutions into two separate beakers and measure their temperature for 3 minutes. Put both solutions into a polystyrene cup in a beaker on the fourth minute. Stir the beaker to make sure the solution is of the same temperature. Record the temperature till the reaction cools down to room temperature.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

20. What does the circle in the displayed formula of a benzene ring represent?

1This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationThe ring of delocalised electrons.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

21. If an amine has more than one organic group attached, how is it named?

This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillationList the different groups in alphabetical order.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1

22. Where do the delocalised electrons within a giant metallic lattice come from?

1The outershell electrons within the metal atoms are delocalised to form metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons.The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

23. Functions of plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) / polychloroethene:

Electrical cable insulation ClothingThe equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.1This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation

24. 'What does the ''m'' and the ''n'' in the rate equation represent?'

1This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation'''m'' and ''n'' are the orders of the reaction with respect to reactant A and reactant B.'The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

25. Suggest why the melting point of sodium iodide is lower than the melting point of sodium bromide. (1)

'Iodide is a larger ion than bromide so less attraction to the Na+ ion. (1) So, Br'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>BrBr is more reactive than I'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>II with Na'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>NaNa, because Br'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>BrBr is higher up the group (the atomic number of Br'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>BrBr is 35'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>3535, while the atomic number of I'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>II is 53'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>5353). Since Br'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>BrBr is more readily reactive with Na'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>NaNa than I'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>II, the bond between Na'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>NaNa and Br'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>BrBr is stronger than the bond between Na'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>NaNa and I'' role=''presentation'' style=''margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: Georgia, ''Times New Roman'', Times, serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); position: relative;''>II.'This is because titanium chloride is a liquid and so can be purified using the fractional distillation1The equivalence points show the loss of the first and the second proton. This is where all the moles of the first and second proton respectively have been donated- neutralisation of the protons.

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
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