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Biology Review

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Biology Review

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25 Questions

1. What are enzymes?

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Many substances enter and leave the body by diffusion. These substances include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide - and small digested food molecules such as glucose.

2. What happens during sexual reproduction?

Many substances enter and leave the body by diffusion. These substances include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide - and small digested food molecules such as glucose.Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationDuring sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

3. What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Many substances enter and leave the body by diffusion. These substances include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide - and small digested food molecules such as glucose.

4. When is diffusion used?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Many substances enter and leave the body by diffusion. These substances include gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide - and small digested food molecules such as glucose.

5. What is an optimum ph for an enzyme?

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationThe optimum ph for an enzyme is the ph that they work best at. This is often neutral ph 7 - but not always.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.

6. What does the left ventricle do?

Pump blood around the whole body via the aorta. The left ventricle has a much thicker wall than the right because it needs to pump blood around the whole body whereas the right ventricle only has to pump it to the lungsOsmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

7. What is dna?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.The complex chemical that carries genetic information. Dna is found in chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of most cells.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationDuring sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

8. Why do you respire more during exercise?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationDuring sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Muscles need energy from respiration to contract. When you exercise some of your muscles contract more frequently than normal so you need more energy. This energy comes from increased respiration. The increase in respiration means you get more oxygen to the cells.

9. What happens in the lungs to haemoglobin?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration- in the lungs - haemoglobin combines with oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin. In body tissues the reverse happens to release oxygen to the cells.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

10. What can neutral mutations do?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationSome mutations are neither harmful nor beneficial e.g. they don't affect a proteins functionDuring sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

11. What does the digestive system do?

The digestive enzymes break down the big molecules into the smaller ones: - carbohydrates e.g amylase digest starch to sugars - proteases e.g pepsin digest proteins to amino acids - lipase digests fat to fatty acids and glycerolOsmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

12. What is the optimum temperature?

The temperature where the enzyme is working at the fastest rateEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

13. What do arteries do?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration- arteries carry blood under pressure. - the heart pumps the blood out at high pressure so the artery walls are strong and elastic - the walls are thick compared to the size of the hole down the middle (the 'lumen). They contain thick layers of muscle to make them strongEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.

14. What are fossils?

Fossils are the preserved traces or remains of organisms that lived thousands or millions of years agoEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

15. What is an independent variable?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.One that chnges.Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

16. What are the three ways fossils can be formed?

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration- from gradual replacement by minerals = things like teeth and bones don't decay easily - from casts and impression = fossils can form when an organisms buried in soft material causing a cast to form e.g footprints - from preservation = in places where no decay happens - this could be because the conditions aren't suitable for microbes e.g too coldEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

17. What do hormones do?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationHormones are transported in blood to target cells. They have a globular shapeEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.

18. What is anaerobic respiration?

19. Why does the cell need mrna?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationBecause dna is found in the nucleus and can't move out of it because its too big. The cell needs to get the information from the dna to the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm. This is done by using a molecule called mrna - which is very similar to dna - but it's shorter and only a single strand. Also - instead of thymine - mrna has the base uracil (u) - which pairs with adenine. mrna is like a messanger between the dna in the nucleus and the ribosome. It happens during transcription and translation.

20. Who discovered the structure of dna? - rosalind franklin and maurice wilkins worked out dna had a helical structure by directing beams of x-rays onto crystallised dna and looking at the patterns of x-rays formed as they bounced off. - james watson and francis crick used these ideas along with the idea the amount of adenine+guanine matched the amount of thymine+cytosine to make a model of the dna molecule where all the pieces fitted together.

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentrationEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.What would be a practical to extract dna?(6 Marker) - mash or chop fruit or vegetable (e.g kiwi) and mix with salty water and detergent to break open the cells and help release the dna from the nuclei. - add protease enzyme to the filtered mixture to break up proteins in cell membranes and so release more dna. - add ice cold ethanol carefully down inside the tube into the mixture. The ethanol makes the dna separate from the liquid so it is easy to lift out.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.

21. What is visking tubing?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration- visking tubing is a good model for the gut because - like the gut - it only lets small molecules through and not big molecules. However - visking tubing isn't exactly the same as you gut is alot longer and has a large surface area so the speed of digestion and absorbtion will be slightly differentEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.

22. What is magnification?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.How much bigger the image is that the specimenEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

23. What are the types of transport?

During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.- diffusion = substances move down their concentration gradient. There is no energy needed - active transport = substances move up (or against) their concentration gradient. There is no energy needed - osmosis = diffusion of water moleculesEnzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

24. What happens during transpiration? - water evaporates and diffuses from inside the leaves creating a water shortage and so more water is drawn up from the xylem vessels to replace it. - this means more water is drawn up from the roots and so there's a constant transpiration stream of water through the plant. The water enters the roots by osmosis

Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.How do minerals and water travel through a plant? - water and dissolved minerals enter plants through their roots from the soil water - water and dissolved minerals from the roots travel in xylem to the rest of the plant - glucose - produced by photosynthesis in leaves is converted to sucrose - which is transported in phloem to the rest of the plant.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

25. What does the mitochondria do?

This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work.Enzymes are biological catalysts that control reactions in the body.During sexual reproduction - two gametes for a new cell which will grow to become a new organism. The two gametes combine (sperm and egg) to produce a zygote (fertilised egg). Sexual reproduction produces variation in the offspring.Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com