1.
Action: Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Origin - Lateral border of the acromion process of the scapula
Insertion - The deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the proximal humeral shaft.
Innervation - Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

2.
Action: Flexes hand at wrist; adducts hand
Origin - Medial epicondyle of the humerus; olecranon process of ulna; shaft of ulna
Insertion - Pisiform; hamate; 5th metacarpal
Innervation - Ulnar nerve

3.
Action: Elevates scapula; Downwardly rotates scapula
Origin - Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion - Vertebral border of the scapula
Innervation - Dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4

4.
Action: Extends 2nd distal interphalangeal joint
Origin - Posterior ulna; interosseus membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of 2nd digit
Innervation - Deep radial nerve

5.
Action: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand is in reference to the midline of the 3rd digit)
Origin - Four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor pollicis.)
Insertion - Base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5
Innervation - Ulnar nerve, deep branch

6.
Action: Flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit
Origin - Hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum
Insertion - Proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Innervation - Ulnar nerve, deep branch

7.
Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle; everts foot
Origin - Head of fibula
Insertion - Medial cuneiform; 1st metatarsal
Innervation - Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

8.
Action: Adducts arm; rotates arm medially; extends arm at shoulder
Origin - Inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Innervation - Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

9.
Action: Flexes the leg; plantar flexes the foot
Origin - Above the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastrocnemius)
Insertion - Dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendon
Innervation - Tibial nerve

10.
Action: Abducts thigh; rotates thigh medially
Origin - Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
Innervation - Superior gluteal nerve

11.
Action: Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Origin - Anterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle
Insertion - The deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the proximal humeral shaft
Innervation - Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

12.
Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle; inverts foot; flexes 2nd-5th distal interphalangeal joints
Origin - Posterior tibia
Insertion - Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
Innervation - Tibial nerve

13.
Action: Flexes forearm at elbow; supinates forearm
Origin - Supraglenoid tubercle of the
scapula; coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion - Radial tuberosity of the radius
Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

14.
Action: Flexes and rotates the leg medially (with the foot planted, it rotates the thigh laterally)
Origin - Lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion - Posterior surface of the tibia above soleal line
Innervation - Tibial nerve

15.
Action: Flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as movement away from the midline of the 3rd digit)
Origin - Four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts
Insertion - Base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit
Innervation - Ulnar nerve, deep branch

16.
Action: Extension and hyperextension of the atlantooccipital joint
Origin - Posterior surfaces of the first two cervical vertebrae
Insertion - Occipital bone and transverse process of the first cervical vertebrae
Innervation - Suboccipital nerve

17.
Action: Laterally bends the trunk, fixes the 12th rib
Origin - Posterior part of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament
Insertion - Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 and the 12th rib
Innervation - Subcostal nerve and ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

18.
Action: Extends the forearm
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion - Lateral side of the olecranon and the upper one-fourth of the ulna
Innervation - Nerve to anconeus, from the radial nerve

19.
Action: Extends or hyperextends vertebral column
Origin - Spinous processes of C6-T7
Insertion - Mastoid process of temporal bone; occipital bone
Innervation - Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

20.
Action: Flexes arm at shoulder; adducts arm
Origin - Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion - Medial humerus
Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

21.
Action: Flexes lumbar region of vertebral column; rotates lumbar region of vertebral column
Origin - Pubic crest; pubic symphysis
Insertion - Xiphoid process; ribs 5-7
Innervation - Intercostal nerves 7-11 and subcostal nerve

22.
Action: Rotates arm laterally
Origin - Lateral border of the scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation - Axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

23.
Action: Extends hand at wrist; abducts hand
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion - 2nd metacarpal
Innervation - Radial nerve

24.
Action: Adducts thigh; flexes leg at knee; rotates leg medially
Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis; body of the pubis
Insertion - Medial surface of tibia
Innervation - Obturator nerve

25.
Action: Flexes & rotates leg medially, extends thigh
Origin - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Tibia
Innervation - Tibial and fibular nerves from sciatic nerve.