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AP Environmental Science Review
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Avg score: 50% • Most missed: “water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock”
AP Environmental Science Review
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25 Questions

1. extremely small photosynthetic bacteria that are responsible for 70% of the primary productivity near the ocean surface

2. small patches of habitat surrounded by areas of unsuitable habitat, 'habitat fragmentation'

3.
• usually burn only undergrowth and leaf litter on the forest floor
• Burn away flammable ground material, help prevent more destructive fires, free valuable mineral nutrients, control diseases

4.
formed by piling and cementing of various materials over time in low-lying areas. Fossils form only in sedimentary rock.
e.g. conglomerate, breccia, sandstone

5.
managed grasslands or enclosed meadows usually planted with domesticated grasses or other forage

6. reduce overgrazing; reduce deforestation; reduce destructive forms of planting, irrigation, and mining; plant trees and grasses to hold soil

7.
• underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows
• most aquifers recharge extremely slowly because urban development prevents water from easily penetrating the ground

8.
• Saudi Arabia is as water-poor as it is oil-rich, so it gets about 70% of its drinking water at a high cost from the world's largest system for removing salt from seawater, located on its eastern coast
• Saudi Arabia has the world's largest number of desalination plants

9. uses high pressure to force saltwater through a membrane filter with pores small enough to remove the salt

10.
-Earth's rotation (once every 24 hours)
-tilt of Earth's axis (23.5 degrees)
-revolution around the sun (once per year)
-closest to sun in winter, furthest in summer

11. water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock

12. • Redesign manufacturing processes to use less water
• Recycle water in industry
• Fix water leaks, use water meters, raise water prices
• Use drip irrigation
• Use waterless composting toilers
• Require water conservation in water-short cities
• Purify and reuse water for houses, offices, buildings

13. long-term survival species...the number of individuals need for long-term survival

14.
• sunlit surface away from shore that extends the depth sunlight penetration
• the main photosynthetic body of the lake
• produces the food and oxygen that support most of the lake's consumers

15. the process of repairing damage caused by humans to the biodiversity and dynamics of natural ecosystems

• Restoration: returning habitat or ecosystem to its prior self
• Rehabilitation: making the habitat or ecosystem functional
• Replacement: replacing a degraded habitat or ecosystem
• Creating artificial ecosystems

16. uses drip-irrigation and copies nature by replacing green lawns with plants that need little water; reduces water use by 30-85% and sharply reduces need for labor, fertilizers, and fuel

17.
Occur where plates slide PAST each other.

18. the gradual establishment of biocommunities in a lifeless area that has NO soil or sediment

19.
-sedimentary material coarser than silt
-water flow through too quickly for most crops
-good for crops and plants requiring low amounts of water

20.
-75% of atmosphere's mass is in the troposphere
-temperature decreases with altitude
-weather occurs in this zone

21. • Provides irrigation water above and below dam
• Provides water for drinking
• Reservoir useful for recreation and fishing
• Can produce cheap electricity (hydropower)
• Reduces downstream flooding
• Capture and store runoff

22. a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain (the wet monsoon), or from the northeast between October and April (the dry monsoon)

23.
removal of all trees; the most efficient way for a logging operation to harvest trees, but the most harmful; increased runoff, increased soil erosion, loss of nutrients

24. • Industry, cars, electrical plants, coal
• Burning of fossil fuels

25.
-area surrounding south pole
-rainfall <2 inches per year

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