GRE Psychology: Memory
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GRE Psychology: Memory
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25 Questions

1. Primary and recency effects

2. Recall without any cue

3. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time

4. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136

5. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition

6. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment

7. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another

8. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones

9. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables

10. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)

11. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down

12. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning

13. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain

14. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented

15. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments

16. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time

17. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition

18. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol

19. Knowing a fact

20. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)

21. Repeating material to hold in STM

22. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree

23. Sensory - short term - long term

24. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time

25. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM

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