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Microbiology and Immunology Practice Test Questions

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Microbiology and Immunology Practice Test Questions

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1. What Is The Best Triggering For Decreasing Wob

FlowVc-simvGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Disease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

2. Escherichia Coli

FlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Vc-simv

3. Kuru

Vc-simvDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedFlowGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia.

4. *control Mode With The Lowest Map

Disease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Vc-simvFlow

5. What Is The Dominant Normal Flora Contributes To Dental Plaque?

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. S. MutansDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedFlow

6. A Permanent Alteration In The Base Sequence Of Dna. May Or May Not Change The Phenotype.

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Disease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedFlowMutation

7. Resistance To Malaria (3):

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Disease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped(Plasmodium). Sickle-cell (Resist Penetration), Hemoglobin C (2 Genes = Immune), Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Needed For Plasmodium Dna Synth)Flow

8. Name Eveloped Dna Viruses (3). Hph

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped-hepadna-pox-herpes

9. Are Most Fungal Spores Asexual?

10. Peak Incidence Of Mononucleosis

11. Unicellular, Eukaryotic And Some So Tiny They Develop In Salivary Glands Of Insects & Some Can Be Seen With The Naked Eye

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Protozoa/ProtistsFlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

12. Infective Endocarditis

Strep. Mutans, ViridansDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Flow

13. Is Carried Out By Antibodies Circulating In The Blood. Most Effective In Defending The Body Against A Foreign Substances Outside Of A Cell.

FlowGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Humoral ImmunityDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

14. Sites Where Pathogens Can Persist And Maintain Their Ability To Infect.

15. What Components Of The Complement Pathway Are Deficient In Neisseria Sepsis?

FlowThe Mac Complex--(C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9)Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Disease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

16. Snail Fever:

17. Fungal Disease Categories (3):

Infection (True Pathogens), Toxicoses (Eating Shrooms), Allergies (Spores)Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

18. Hantaviruses

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedRodent-born Viruses, Not Arboviruses. Transmitted By Rodent Urine And Respiratory Secretions. - O Hantaan Virus: First Discovered Member Of This Family. From 1950's Korea (Korean War). - Manifestations: Korean Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome (Hfrs). Incubation - Period 2 - 4 Weeks. - O Muerto Canyon Virus: Relative Of Hantaavirus Discovered In 1993 Epidemic In New Mexico, U.S. - Manifestations: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (Hps). Ards-like Syndrome With 70% - Fatality. - Transmission: Deer Mouse Was Newly Discovered And Found To Be The Vector. Direct Contact With - Rodents Or Rodent-products Required. - Treatment: Respiratory Therapy. Ribavirin Was Once Shown Effective, But Requires Special - Permission To Use. - O Seoul Virus:

19. Describe Igm, Molecular Weight? What Is The Function Of J Chain? Cross Placenta? Activate Complement?

Found On B Cell Surface. Pentamer When Free And 1st Secreted During Primary Response From B Cells. (950-1,240 Kd) Binds Complement And Activates It. The Function Of The J Chain Is To Pull The Pentamer Together. A Hexamer Is Possible, Which Does Not Require A J Chain.Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

20. Multiplication Of Any Microbe On Or In The Body. Can Have This Without Ever Getting Disease

FlowInfectionGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. Disease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

21. What Bugs: Hyaluronidase

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped1. Staphylococcus - 2. Streptococcus Pyogenes - 3. Clostridium Dificile

22. What Do You Use To Tx Giardiasis?

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowMetronidazoleDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

23. Entire Gastrointestinal Tract, Urogenital Tract, Respiratory Tract & Mammary Glands

Mucosal Immune SystemDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedFlowGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia.

24. Plasmodium:

FlowMalaria Via MosquitoesDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was StoppedGram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia.

25. What Is An Acronym For Remembering 6 Bacteria That Don't Gram's Stain Well?

Gram (-) Rods - â€¢ Epidemiology / At Risk: - O Uti's - O Gastroenteritis - O Wound Infections - O Pneumonia - O Meningitis In Infants - O Sepsis - â€¢ Manifestations: Gi Manifestations Depends On Strain. Virulence Factors Included. - O Enteropathogenic E. Coli (Epec): Cause Travelers's Diarrhea -- Loose Stools, Plus Mild Gi Complaints, Such As - Nausea, Vomiting, Or Even Tenesmus. - Has Also Been Called Entero-aggregative E. Coli (Eaec) Because Of Their Tendency To Aggregate. - O Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec): Watery Diarrhea, As Opposed To Loose Stools. Diarrhea Acts On The Small - Intestine. - Labile Toxin (Lt): Heat Labile Ab-toxin Kicks Water Out By Up-regulating Camp. - Fragment-b: Binds Gm1 Ganglioside In Small Intestinal Enterocytes. - Fragment-a: Adp-ribose Transferase. Transfers Adp To A Gs Stimulatory Subunit ------> Camp. - Lt Is Also A Large Molecule And A Potent Antigen. - Lt-iia And Iib: Antigenic Variants Of Labile Toxin. - Stable Toxin (St): Heat Stable Ab-toxin, Prevents Water From Being Reabsorbed In Small Intestine. - Fragment-a: Up Regulated Cgmp ------> Inhibit Reabsorption Of Na, Cl, And Water In Brush Border. - O Enteroinvasive E. Coli (Eiec): Causes Dysentery In Addition To The Watery Diarrhea. The New Cytotoxin Acts In - The Colon, While Watery Diarrhea Continues To Occur From The Small Intestine. - Verotoxin: Phage-mediated Shiga-like Toxin Is Cytotoxic To Colonic Enterocytes. It Inactivates Protein - Synthesis At The 60s Ribosome And Kills The Cell, Resulting In Hemorrhagic Necrosis. - Invasin: Gene Allows The E. Coli To Live Intracellularly Inside Colonic Enterocytes. - O Entero Hemolytic E. Coli (Ehec): Causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (Hus). In Addition To The Dysentery, It - Has A Hemolysin And Is Tropic For Transitional Epithelial Cells. - Symptoms: - Hemolytic Crisis - Thrombocytopenia - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (Dic) - Acute Renal Failure - Hemolysin: Plasmid-mediated Factor That Lyses Red-blood Cells. It Is Also A Nephrotoxin. - â€¢ Processing: - O Specimen: - O Stain: Gram-stain Is Not Done On Fecal Specimens. - O Culture: Selective Medium (Always Used On Enterics), Which Inhibits Gram (+) And Contains Lactose, In Order To - Differentiate Lactose-fermenting Genera. - â€¢ Identification: Lactose-fermenting - O Motile - O Huge Antigenic Diversity: Flagellar H-antigen Is Divided L, A And B Subtypes. - With Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis, Lab Will Report A B-subtype As It Is Associated With Prognosis. - The Lab Subtypes Indicate How Easily The Flagellar Antigens Come Off With Heat. - O Mannose-sensitive Hemagglutination, Because Of F1 Pilus Antigen. - â€¢ Virulence: Only Cell-associated Factors. - O Pili (F-antigen): Fimbriae. 10 F Antigen Types. Adhesin. - F1 Antigen Is Found In All E. Coli. (Chromosomally Coded). It Is Mannose-sensitive, I.E. Does Not - Agglutinate Rbc's In The Presence Of Mannose (Because It Prefers To Stick To The Mannose). - Mannose Sensitive Is Important To Us As Normal Carriers Of E. Coli. It Helps E. Coli Stick To - Mucosal (Vaginal, Gi, Buccal) Surfaces And Protect Them. - F2 - F10 Antigens: They Are All Mannose-resistant. - One Of Them Is The P-antigen, Associated With Pyelonephritis. - O Capsule (K-antigen): Important In Uti's And Meningitis. Antiphagocytic, Serum Resistance. - O Outer Membrane Proteins: Protein-a Confers Serum Resistance. - O Siderophore: Aerobactin - O Lps: Lipid-a Is The Specific Component Which Is A Superantigen And Makes Up Endotoxin. - â€¢ Vaccine / Prevention: - O The Core Polysaccharide, Common To All Strands, Has Been Looked At. But Whenever We Target It, E. Coli Respond By - Making New Surface (O-antigen) Polysaccharides. - â€¢ Treatment: Run The Risk Of Inducing Endotoxic Shock When Treating Bacteremia. FlowTrmmlc: These Rascals May Microscopically Lack ColorDisease Described In The Fore Tribe Of Papua-new Guinea. - No New Cases Since 1957 When Cannibalism Was Stopped

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❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com