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CPU and Memory

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CPU and Memory

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1. Overclocking

Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)A test used to assess the performance of a computer. Different types of - benchmark software are used for the different kinds of application you might want a computer to do. - The overall speed of a computer is affected by the CPU, memory and bus speeds. If any one of these is slow, it will slow down the others. - It isn't easy to assess a CPU's performance as it may be good at some tasks but not others.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory

2. clock speed affects CPU performance

Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemoryA test used to assess the performance of a computer. Different types of - benchmark software are used for the different kinds of application you might want a computer to do. - The overall speed of a computer is affected by the CPU, memory and bus speeds. If any one of these is slow, it will slow down the others. - It isn't easy to assess a CPU's performance as it may be good at some tasks but not others.-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)

3. The Basics

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)A test used to assess the performance of a computer. Different types of - benchmark software are used for the different kinds of application you might want a computer to do. - The overall speed of a computer is affected by the CPU, memory and bus speeds. If any one of these is slow, it will slow down the others. - It isn't easy to assess a CPU's performance as it may be good at some tasks but not others.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

4. Measuring Performance: Benchmarking

A test used to assess the performance of a computer. Different types of - benchmark software are used for the different kinds of application you might want a computer to do. - The overall speed of a computer is affected by the CPU, memory and bus speeds. If any one of these is slow, it will slow down the others. - It isn't easy to assess a CPU's performance as it may be good at some tasks but not others.-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

5. What affects the performance of the CPU?

6. RISC

Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.-stands for Reduced instruction set computing - smart phones and tablets - smaller - low clock speed - uses less energy - combine processing architecture into a 'System On a Chip' (SOC) - cheaperCPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)

7. RAM

Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemoryRandom-access memory (RAM /ræm/) is a form of computer data storage. - A random-access memory device allows data items to be accessed (read or written) in almost the same amount of time regardless of where the data is located inside the memory.

8. CISC

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.-stands for Complex instruction set computing - -most desktops & laptops - more instructions than RISC - larger - uses more energyCPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory

9. Southbridge

Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.connects to the northbridge. All other hardware connects to the CPU thru the southbridge-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory

10. Motherboard

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.a circuit board that connects the CPU to the memory and all theother hardware. The CPU sits on the motherboard (also called the logic board).

11. cache

Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)a small amount of memory which is a part of the CPU - closer to the CPU than - RAM. - It is used to temporarily hold instructions and data that the CPU is likely to reuse.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory

12. front-side bus (FSB)

aka 'system bus.' FSB is a bus that connects CPU to the memory; back-side bus (BSB) is faster than FSB - FSB has 2 types of bus: 1. address bus: sends data in one direction - from CPU -->RAM; - 2. data bus: sends data both directions - data --> memory - -clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

13. core(s) affect(s) the CPU performance

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)A core is a processing unit contained in the CPU. - A computer has at least one core & often has more than one core. - With more cores, a computer can run more than one program at the same time. - BUT, the cores have to communicate with one another and that can slow things down a bit.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

14. CPU

CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program - (It does this by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions).-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)

15. The CPU and Memory work together to run (software) programs

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemoryThe CPU executes (carries out) programs using the 'fetch-decode-execute cycle' - The Memory stores program operations and data while a program is being executed. (Registers, cache, RAM and virtual are types of memory). - Storage stores programs and files long term on devices like hard drives, flash drives, etc.Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

16. Processor type

17. Bridges

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemoryBridges manage how data and instructions are transferred between the CPU, memory and other devices. - Many motherboards use a northbridge and a southbridge to connect devices.

18. Processing

Computers require input hardware, processing hardware and output hardware. - Input hardware (e.g. keyboard, scanner, camera) sends info --> processing hardware (e.g. CPU) --> output hardware (e.g. screen, printer, etc.)-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

19. Hardware

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU MemorySometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system. - The hardware that defines a computer is the CPU and memory. Without these a computer - could not function.

20. Software

21. Bus

circuits on the motherboard that connect the CPU to other components. There - are many buses on the motherboard. A bus moves instructions and data around the - system. The speed of a bus is measured in megahertz (mHz). The faster the bus, the faster data is communicated.Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)

22. Bus speed

-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memorya circuit that connects one part of the motherboard to another. The more data a bus can handle at one time, the faster it allowsSometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.

23. Data corruption

Overclocking can be a bad idea if the clock speed is set too fast. If the clock tells the CPU to execute some instructions, but the CPU hasn't finished processing the last set of instructions, it can lead to Data Corruption (meaning the data is messed up). It can also cause the CPUs to overheat!!!!!!Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)

24. Memory

Memory refers to the computer's ability to store program operations and data while a program is being executed.-clock speed indicates how fast a computer can run - measured in megaHerz (mHz) or gigaHerz (gHz). The speed corresponds with the number of cycles (For example, a 2 gHz CPU performs at 2 billion cycles per second). - The faster the CPU runs, the more energy it uses and the more heat it produces. - (faster CPU --> more energy --> more heat!)Sometimes people try to set their computer's clock speed to go faster so they can get the work done faster. This is called overclocking.CPU - Hardware - Software - Processing - Memory - CPU Memory

25. Northbridge

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