1. Denial of responsibility (authoritative pressure) 2. Denial of injury (no one was hurt) 3. Denial of victim (they deserved it) 4. Condemnation of Condemners (corrupt society) 5. Appeal to higher loyalties (gang ties)

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1. 1. Denial of responsibility (authoritative pressure) 2. Denial of injury (no one was hurt) 3. Denial of victim (they deserved it) 4. Condemnation of Condemners (corrupt society) 5. Appeal to higher loyalties (gang ties)