Critical Reading For Exams / Long Reading Comprehension 2


The following passage is taken from an article concerning Knowledge and Virtue


Knowledge is one thing, virtue is another; good sense is not conscience, refinement is not humility, nor is large-  ness and justness of view faith. Philosophy, however enlightened, however profound, gives no command over the  passions, no influential motives, no vivifying principles. Liberal Education makes not the Christian, not the Catholic,  but the gentleman. It is well to be a gentleman, it is well to have a cultivated intellect, a delicate taste, a candid,  equitable, dispassionate mind, a noble and courteous bearing in the conduct of life—these are the connatural quali-  ties of a large knowledge; they are the objects of a University; I am advocating, I shall illustrate and insist upon them;  but still, I repeat, they are no guarantee for sanctity or even for conscientiousness, they may attach to the man of the  world, to the profligate, to the heartless, pleasant, alas, and attractive as he shows when decked out in them. Taken  by themselves, they do but seem to be what they are not; they look like virtue at a distance, but they are detected by  close observers, and on the long run; and hence it is that they are popularly accused of pretense and hypocrisy, not, I  repeat, from their own fault, but because their professors and their admirers persist in taking them for what they are  not, and are officious in arrogating for them a praise to which they have no claim. Quarry the granite rock with ra-  zors, or moor the vessel with a thread of silk; then may you hope with such keen and delicate instruments as human  knowledge and human reason to contend against those giants, the passion and the pride of man. 



What does the author mean by saying that professors and their admirers are, “officious in arrogating for them a praise to which they have no claim” line (12)?

They claim to have an exclusive on virtue because of their education, but, in fact, they do not.
They claim that universal truths about virtue come from attaining a large knowledge from professors and admirers of that large knowledge.
They claim to understand the difference between those who officially obtain a large knowledge and those who claim knowledge but didn’t attend a university.
Professors of knowledge and their admirers volunteer unnecessarily to claim without justification praise that is, in fact, unwarranted.
Professors of knowledge and their admirers in their official capacity promote praise for students that they don’t possess.

Which selection best describes the word “profligate” as used in line (8)?

Uneducated
Boorish
Shamelessly immoral
Plebian
Ultra conservative

Why does the author state that the qualities of large knowledge taken by themselves, “seem to be what they are not; they look like virtue at a distance, but they are detected by close observers” lines (9–10)?

Because professors believe that knowledge is the precursor to virtue.
Because those who possess large knowledge confuse knowledge with virtue and expound they possess both.
Because the educated believe they are superior and convince others that they are virtuous.
Because to a commoner, the benefits of knowledge look like those attending virtue.
Because people with large knowledge can disguise themselves as being virtuous.

What is the overall purpose of this passage? A. B. C. D. E.

To obviate the need for both virtue and knowledge
To evidence that virtue is a trait often extended following training in the University
To show the how application of knowledge is affected when virtue is overriding
To convince the reader that knowledge can be virtuous if reasonably applied
To present a real and observable difference between knowledge and virtue

Which statement best represents the main idea of the passage?

While knowledge is of greatest importance, virtue is of necessity a series of qualities that augment that large knowledge gained in a university.
Notwithstanding the value of virtue as it relates to the passions and pride of man, knowledge makes it possible to understand virtue and is, therefore, of superior value.
Virtue is necessary to offset the knowledge gained through the fall of man which was the act that established the division between knowledge and virtue in the first place.
Given that virtue is a much desired attribute, it becomes even more so when taking into account that virtue is what stimulates an appreciation of knowledge.
Although knowledge is greatly to be sought, virtue is of greater value for it has the power to manipulate the passion and pride of man.

Which statement best describes the author’s values as they relate to knowledge and virtue? A. B. C. D. E.

Knowledge is that stuff made of man through studies in places like universities wherein virtue is extolled by God.
Knowledge, while of the greatest importance, serves to create the necessity of the application of that knowledge toward the attainment of virtue.
Knowledge is its own reward and a precursor to virtue.
Knowledge, while of paramount importance, cannot presume to extend virtue which, in the overall measure, is to be considered of greater value.
Knowledge is that which is apparent through refinement whereas virtue is that element gained through the application of that knowledge.

Which selection best describes the word “vivifying” as used in line (3)?

Validating
Cohesive
Universal
Concomitant
Life-giving

What is the author’s purpose in using the phrases, “Quarry the granite rock with razors” and “moor the vessel with a thread of silk” lines (12–13)?

To metaphorically represent the extreme dichotomy between virtue and knowledge
To create a picture in the mind of the reader instead of abstract philosophical representations
To convey to the reader that granite is solid like virtue and the vessel is less stable like knowledge\\
To delineate with figurative language the similarities between virtue and knowledge
To represent the virtue and knowledge such that the common uneducated man could understand

Which selection best describes the word “connatural” as used in line (5)?

Cognate
Presumed
Heralded
Warranted
Expected

Notwithstanding the author’s predilection about virtue, which selection best describes his position on knowledge?

Given what we know to be the drawbacks of knowledge and the overall applications ascribed to professors and their admirers, virtue should be the only desire of man.
Because knowledge cannot aid in one making positive discernment regarding virtue and the applications therein, it should not be of any primary focus.
Because knowledge can be gained by any person regardless of their position or personal virtue, knowledge is not worthy of seeking.
While virtue stands paramount, acquisition of knowledge is greatly desired notwithstanding its inability to attach conscientiousness.
Virtue comes through knowledge which creates the understanding of virtue making it possible for discourse.