Critical Reading For Exams / Short Reading Comprehension 14


The second preliminary point which I wish to make is the unimportance—indeed the evil—of barren knowl-  edge. The importance of knowledge lies in its use, in our active mastery of it—that is to say, it lies in wisdom. It is  a convention to speak of mere knowledge, apart from wisdom, as of itself imparting a peculiar dignity to its pos-  sessor. I do not share in this reverence for knowledge as such. It all depends on who has the knowledge and what  he does with it. That knowledge which adds greatness to character is knowledge so handled as to transform every  phase of immediate experience. It is in respect to the activity of knowledge that an over-vigorous discipline in ed-  ucation is so harmful. The habit of active thought, with freshness, can be generated only by adequate freedom. 

Undiscriminating discipline defeats its own object by dulling the mind. If you have much to do with the young as  they emerge from school and from the university, you soon note the dulled minds of those whose education has  consisted in the acquirement of inert knowledge. Also the deplorable tone of English society in respect to learning  is a tribute to our educational failure. Furthermore, this over-haste to impart mere knowledge defeats itself. The  human mind rejects knowledge imparted in this way. The craving for expansion, for activity, inherent in youth is  disgusted by a dry imposition of disciplined knowledge. The discipline, when it comes, should satisfy a natural  craving for the wisdom which adds value to bare experience. 
 



What is the best selection to convey the author’s meaning in the sentence, “Undiscriminating discipline defeats its own object by dulling the mind”?

The discipline of securing knowledge without application fills the mind with useless facts, therefore dulling it.
The discipline of gaining knowledge creates an opportunity to keep the mind sharp through the addition of even more knowledge.
The objective of discipline is lost when discipline and knowledge is sought randomly.
Knowledge gained through any avenues other than those gained in a disciplined environment such as a university serve no purpose and will negatively affect the mind.
Without discipline, the obtaining of the object of knowledge is barren.

The general belief about our educational system as related by the author is

It is the primary area for development of use- oriented knowledge.
It teaches knowledge for ready activation and use in daily situations.
It does not provide sufficient opportunities for gaining knowledge.
It is more of a problem when imparting knowledge for knowledge sake.
It provides a basis for continuing to expand a practical knowledge base.

The author’s attitude toward knowledge without use can best be described as one of

Tolerance for the acquisition of knowledge for knowledge sake as it is in the seeking of knowledge that wisdom is developed.
The discipline of gaining knowledge is paramount to the exercise of wisdom.
Absolute rejection based upon such beliefs that disciplined knowledge without a practical application, or use, is but a convention.
Total disdain for not gaining as much knowledge as possible because without the acquisition of knowledge, wisdom in the use therein is not possible.
Disciplined knowledge is best gained through formal educational endeavors allowing for the practical application and use thereof.

According to the author, “disciplined knowledge” provides for

Freedoms to act with discriminating discernment.
A dulling of the mind if not properly directed.
The active mastery of a given subject wherein one may employ wisdom
A satisfying of a natural craving for knowledge without limitation.
An educational hierarchy wherein the discipline can manifest itself in wisdom.

According to the author, the difference between “inert” and “active” as it relates to knowledge is best described as

Stored knowledge in specific categories versus general knowledge applied uniformly.
Knowledge learned for future versus knowledge needed to use today.
Conversational knowledge versus written knowledge.
Knowledge for knowledge sake versus knowledge put to use in any given discipline.
Knowledge gained through school versus knowledge gained through life experiences.