Binod is an 8 years old boy still wets his bed almost every night. He is ashamed of this and is ridiculed by his cousins. His parents are worried and take him to a doctor who refers him to a psychiatrist. He was given a buzzer which would sound the moment Binod passed urine in bed at night, thus waking him up. The idea was to associate the stimuli from a full bladder and the urge to urinate with waking up. If Binod woke up in time, he could go to the bathroom before he could wet his bed.This treatment is based on the principles of: