Consider the following system of simultaneous equations representing the demand-and-supply model:Qs = β1 + β2P +u1 and Qd =α1 +α2P+α3I +u2, where Qs and Qd are the quantities supplied and demanded respectively, P = price of the commodity, and I = income. Which of these equations are identified, i.e. which of these can be estimated?

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Consider the following system of simultaneous equations representing the demand-and-supply model:<br>Q<sub>s</sub> = β<sub>1</sub> + β<sub>2</sub>P +u<sub>1</sub> and Q<sub>d</sub> =α<sub>1</sub> +α<sub>2</sub>P+α<sub>3</sub>I +u<sub>2</sub>, where Q<sub>s</sub> and Q<sub>d</sub> are the quantities supplied and demanded respectively, P = price of the commodity, and I = income. Which of these equations are identified, i.e. which of these can be estimated?