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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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25 Questions

1. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test

2. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.

3. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid

4. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions

5. Lateral neck skin

6. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.

7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes

8. Potential for transfusion reactions.

9. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.

10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.

11. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia

12. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium

13. Interstitial fluid + blood

14. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75

15. 5% body weight

16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.

17. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism

18. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss

19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.

20. Albumin

21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time

22. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.

23. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia

24. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity

25. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.

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