Basic Biology Practice Test: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation | Practice Test / Quiz / MCQs

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Basic Biology Practice Test: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down glucose to produce energy. Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrates into acids or alcohols. Here are some differences between cellular respiration and fermentation: Inputs: Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen as inputs. Fermentation uses carbohydrates as inputs. Outputs: Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs. Fermentation produces small, reduced organic molecules as waste. Complete oxidation: Cellular respiration completely oxidizes glucose into CO2 and water.... Show more

Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down glucose to produce energy. Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrates into acids or alcohols.

Here are some differences between cellular respiration and fermentation:
Inputs: Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen as inputs. Fermentation uses carbohydrates as inputs.
Outputs: Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs. Fermentation produces small, reduced organic molecules as waste.
Complete oxidation: Cellular respiration completely oxidizes glucose into CO2 and water. Fermentation does not fully oxidize glucose.
Energy release: Cellular respiration releases more energy from glucose than fermentation.
Oxygen: Cellular respiration uses oxygen. Fermentation can occur without oxygen.

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Basic Biology Practice Test: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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1. What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?

oxidation of pyruvateoxidation of glucosefeedback regulationcontrol of ATP accumulationbreakdown of fatty acids

2. When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the

formation of ATP.restoration of the Na+/K+ balance across the membrane.lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix.reduction of NAD+.creation of a proton-motive force.

3. How many oxygen molecules (O2) are required each time a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration,?

3121630

4. In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis.are directly coupled to substrate-level phosphorylation.are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to endergonic processes.reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide.

5. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?

15460-6430-322

6. In vertebrate animals, brown fat tissue's color is due to abundant blood vessels and capillaries. White fat tissue, on the other hand, is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few blood vessels or capillaries. Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that dissipates the proton-motive force across the mitochondrial membranes. Which of the following might be the function of the brown fat tissue?

to allow the animals to regulate their metabolic rate when it is especially hotto increase the production of ATPto regulate temperature by converting most of the energy from NADH oxidation to heatto increase the rate of oxidative phosphorylation from its few mitochondriato allow other membranes of the cell to perform mitochondrial functions

7. In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of

ATP, CO2, and lactate.ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl CoAATP, pyruvate, and oxygen.ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).ATP, NADH, and pyruvate.

8. Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

oxidative phosphorylationthe oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoAglycolysischemiosmosisthe citric acid cycle

9. A molecule that is phosphorylated

has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate.has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work.has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate.has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work.has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work.

10. An organism is discovered that thrives both in the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism

is photosynthetic.is a facultative anaerobe.is an anaerobic organism.is a normal eukaryotic organism.must use a molecule other than oxygen to accept electrons from the electron transport chain.

11. In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.six molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced.two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced.

12. Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

mitochondrial matrixouter membranecytosolelectron transport chaininner membrane

13. Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

glucose, proteins, and fatty acidsSuch yeast cells will not be capable of catabolizing any food molecules, and will therefore die.proteinsglucosefatty acids

14. During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?

food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATPglucose → ATP → electron transport chain → NADHglucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygenfood → citric acid cycle → ATP → NAD+food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

15. During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?

carbon dioxide (CO2)pyruvate (C3H3O3-)glucose (C6H12O6)lactate (C3H5O3-)molecular oxygen (O2)

16. An electron loses potential energy when it

shifts to a more electronegative atom.increases its kinetic energy.shifts to a less electronegative atom.moves further away from the nucleus of the atom.increases its activity as an oxidizing agent.

17. The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

substrate-level phosphorylationthe electron transport chainaerobic respirationchemiosmosisoxidative phosphorylation

18. In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convertADP + i to ATP?

energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport systemNo external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.energy released from substrate-level phosphorylationenergy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down the electrochemical gradientenergy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, against the electrochemical gradient

19. How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

eightfourtwosixten

20. Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrial outer membranecytosolmitochondrial matrixmitochondrial inner membranemitochondrial intermembrane space

21. Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O2) is present?

glycolysisoxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)fermentationoxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoAcitric acid cycle

22. The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

ADP.pyruvate.NAD+.oxygen.water.

23. Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?

succinyl CoApyruvateα-ketoglutaratemalate or fumarateacetyl CoA

24. Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity?

It is inhibited by AMP.It is an allosteric enzyme.It catalyzes the conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate, an early step of glycolysis.It is activated by ATP.It is activated by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle.

25. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

the citric acid cyclethe electron transport chainreduction of pyruvate to lactateglycolysissynthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate

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