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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics
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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics
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25 Questions

1. In the long run - as the sample size increases - the relative frequencies of outcomes approach to the theoretical probability.

2. A group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment.

3. In particular - the pdf of the standard normal distribution is denoted by

4. (pdfs) and probability mass functions are denoted by lower case letters - e.g. f(x).

5. Samples are drawn from two different populations such that there is a matching of the first sample data drawn and a corresponding data value in the second sample data.

6. When you have two or more competing models - choose the simpler of the two models.

7. A numerical measure that describes an aspect of a population.

8. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the marginal distribution of X is simply the probability distribution of X ignoring information about Y.

9. Is the function that gives the probability distribution of a random variable. It cannot be negative - and its integral on the probability space is equal to 1.

10. A scale that represents an ordinal scale such as looks on a scale from 1 to 10.

11. Involves taking measurements of the system under study - manipulating the system - and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements.

12. Some commonly used symbols for population parameters

13. Have meaningful distances between measurements defined - but the zero value is arbitrary (as in the case with longitude and temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit)

14. Data are gathered and correlations between predictors and response are investigated.

15. ?

16. Describes a characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed.

17. Is the result of applying a statistical algorithm to a data set. It can also be described as an observable random variable.

18. The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

19. Also called correlation coefficient - is a numeric measure of the strength of linear relationship between two random variables (one can use it to quantify - for example - how shoe size and height are correlated in the population). An example is the P

20. Is the probability distribution - under repeated sampling of the population - of a given statistic.

21. ?r

22. When there is an even number of values...

23. A consistent - repeated deviation of the sample statistic from the population parameter in the same direction when many samples are taken.

24. To find the median value of a set of numbers: Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Locate the two middle numbers in the list. Find the average of those two middle values.

25. (e.g. ? - b) are commonly used to denote unknown parameters (population parameters).