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MCAT Biochemistry Questions

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Biochemistry Subjects To Study For The MCAT are:
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
Biological Membranes
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrate structure
DNA and RNA
Enzymes
Lipids and lipid metabolism
Nonenzymatic proteins
Regulation of metabolism

MCAT Biochemistry Questions

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25 Questions

1. What is glycolysis?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.A class of molecules with a phosphate and alcohol polar head joined to hydrophobic fatty acid tails by phosphodiester linkages. Note, as long as there is a phosphate on the lipid, the molecule is a phospholipid. (

2. What is uncompetitive inhibition?

When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.A class of molecules with a phosphate and alcohol polar head joined to hydrophobic fatty acid tails by phosphodiester linkages. Note, as long as there is a phosphate on the lipid, the molecule is a phospholipid. (

3. How do enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.A class of molecules with a phosphate and alcohol polar head joined to hydrophobic fatty acid tails by phosphodiester linkages. Note, as long as there is a phosphate on the lipid, the molecule is a phospholipid. (Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.

4. What are phospholipids?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.A class of molecules with a phosphate and alcohol polar head joined to hydrophobic fatty acid tails by phosphodiester linkages. Note, as long as there is a phosphate on the lipid, the molecule is a phospholipid. (

5. What is the proton motive force?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.The proton motive force refers to the electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The force of hydrogens flowing down this gradient, much like the flow of water that turns a water wheel, is used to generate ATP from ADP's and P's.

6. Describe the regulation of Pyruvate Kinase

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Pyruvate Kinase is subject to feed-forward activation by Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate from step 3 of Glycolysis. It makes sense because if you're running glycolysis hard (lots of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) you want the enzymes associated with glycolysis activated.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.

7. What is polyacrylamide gel?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.The standard medium for protein electrophoresis. This gel is a slightly porous mixture which solidifes at room temperature. The gel acts like a seive, allowing smaller particles to easily pass while slowing down larger particles.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.

8. At high ph, ionizable groups tend to be [protonated or deprotonated?]

When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.At high ph, ionizable groups tend to be deprotonatedGlycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.

9. Why is the pushing of nonpolar amino acids into the core of a protein spontaneous?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When there are nonpolar amino acids on the outside of the protein, water cannot hydrogen bind with the protein, which means it can only hydrogen bind with itself. This reduces water's options, which lowers its entropy, which makes this process unfavorable. On the other hand, if water can hydrogen bind with the outside of the protein (polar AA's on the exterior), that gives water more options and lowers the entropy of the system, which is favorable.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.

10. What is a hemiacetal?

11. What is post-translational processing and what are the commom types?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Post-Translational processing refers to any modifications made to a protein after it has already been translated. 1. Phosphorylation 2. Carboxylation 3. Glycosylation 4. Prenylation

12. What is glycogenolysis?

When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen for energy.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.

13. How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the membrane?

Generally speaking, unsaturated fatty acids are not able to stack very well, which decreases their intermolecular forces. Therefore, unsaturated fatty acids decrease the rigidity of the membrane and make it more flexible.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.

14. What is the stationary phase in chromatography?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.The stationary phase, otherwise known as adsorbent, is the stationary medium onto which the proteins are originally loaded.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.

15. What are Cerebrosides?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Glycosphingolipids with one sugar connected to sphingosine.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.

16. What do you get when you reduce a sugar in its chain form?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.You get an aldonic acid.

17. What effects do catecholamines have on metabolism?

Remember, epinephrine and norepinephrine's purpose is to increase blood glucose levels. All these effects can rationalized just because they are all things that lead to more sugar in the blood. Epinephrine promotes the breakdown of glycogen. Epinephrine also promotes the breakdown of fats. Epinephrine also acts directly on target organs such as the heart to actually increase the basal metabolic rate.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.

18. What is a sphingolipid?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.A class of lipids. It contains all the lipids with hydrophobic tails attached to a sphingosine or sphingoid (which means sphingosine-like) backbone. Note, all the molecule needs to be a sphingolipid is the sphingosine backbone. If the molecule also has a phosphate group (which a lot of sphingolipids do) it's a phosphosphingolipid.

19. What are globosides?

Glycosphingolipids with two or more sugars attached to the sphingosine backbone.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.

20. What are the three possible fates for Pyruvate?

21. Describe Ghrelin

When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Secreted by the stomach in response to signals of an impending meal. Ghrelin increases appetite and stimulates secretion of Orexin.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.

22. What are two common covalent modifications made to enzymes for regulatory or functional purposes?

23. What are Waxes?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.Esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain alcohols. These molecules have very high van-derwaals interactions and thus form pliable solids at room temperature (like candle wax!). Biologically in both plants and animals, they function as protection.

24. How do you make a recombinant vector?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.First, you use a specific restriction endonuclease to cut a certain piece of the vector's DNA out. Then, you use the same specific restriction endonuclease to cut a piece of the DNA you are interested in out. Because you used the same endonuclease, the foreign DNA will be able to fit the hole made in the vector DNA. Finally, you just mix the foreign DNA fragment with the vector, mix them in annealing conditions and treat with DNA ligase to lock them into place.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.

25. What is Keratin?

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a modest amount of energy.An intermediate filament protein found in epithelial cells. Keratin contributes to the mechanical integrity of the cell and can also function as a regulatory protein. Keratin is the primary protein in hair and nails!When the inhibitor only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex and locks it up, preventing the release of products.Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing the transition state. This is usually accomplished by the enzyme's structure which will create a microenviroment that is favorable to the transition state and stabilizes it.

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com