MCAT Prep Biology
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MCAT Prep Biology
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1. The process of bulidng complex structures out of simpler precursors - e.g. synthesizing protiens from amino acids.

2. The elimination of wastes from the body.

3. Cranial nerve pair X. The vagus nerves are very large mixed nerves (They carry both sensory input and motor input) that innervate virtually every visceral organ. They are especially important in transmitting parasympathetic input to the heart and dig

4. Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources.

5. A flexible piece of cartilage in the larynx that flips downward to seal teh trachea during swallowing.

6. A portion of DNA that codes for some product - usually a protein - including all regulatory sequences. Some genes code for rRNA and tRNA - which are not translated.

7. The smallest (and final) fibers in the cardiac conduction system. The Purkinje fibers transmit the cardiac impulse to the ventricular muscle.

8. The flexible membrane in teh chochlea that supports the organ of Corti (structure which contains the hearing receptors). The fibers of the basilar membrane are short and stiff near the oval windown and long and fleaxible near the apex of the cochlea.

9. A helical protein that winds around actin helices in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells to form the thin filament of the sarcomere. In the absence of Ca2+ - tropomyosin covers the myosin - binding sites on actin and prevents muscle contraction. When c

10. Cells that form the walls of the seminiferous tubules and help in spermatogenesis Sertoli cells are also called susenacular cells.

11. The phase of mitosis during which the cell physically splits into two daugter cells. Cytokinesis begins near the end of anaphase - and is completed during telophase.

12. The second step in viral infection - the injection of the viral genome into the host cell.

13. Summation by a postsynaptic cell of input (EPSPs or IPSPs) from a single source over time.

14. A blood clot that forms in an unbrokened blood vessel. Thrombi are dangerous they can break free and begin travelin in the bloodstream (become an embolus). Emboli ultimately become stuck in a small vessel and prevent adequate blood delivery to tissue

15. An X- linked recessive disorder in Which blood fails to clot properly - leading to excessive bleeding if injured.

16. The stage of human development during which the organs are formed. Organogenesis begins after gastrulation and is completed by the eight week of gestation.

17. A protein fiber with a unique triple - helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong - e.g. bone - tendons - ligaments - etc.

18. The ability of tissues to regulate their own blood flow in the absence of neural stiulation. THis is generally accomplished via metabolic wastes (such as CO2) that act as vasodilators.

19. The return of membrane potential to normal resting values after a depolarization of hyperpolarization.

20. An organism that requires the aid of a host organism to survive - and that harms the host in the process.

21. A hormone secreted by the samll intestine (duodenum) in response to the presence of fats. It promotes release of bile from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice from the pancreas - and reduces stomach motility.

22. The rapid mitotic division of a zygot that being within 24-36 hours after fertilization

23. A protein complex foudn in the inner membrane of the mitochondira. It is essentially a channel that llows H+ ions to flow from teh intermembrane space to the matrix (down teh gradeint produced by the enyzmes complexes of the electron transport chain)

24. The duplication of DNA

25. The osmotic pressure in the blood vessels due only to plasma proteins (primarily albumin) --> causes water to rush back into capillaries at end.

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