PA Bar Exam
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PA Bar Exam
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25 Questions

1. Income from gambling constitutes gross taxable income - while losses may be deducted.

2. Work product doctrine protects work performed by an attorney in anticipation of litigation from disclosure. Attorney work product may be discovered if the party seeking discovery has a substantial need for the materials to prepare their case and is u

3. Once P establishes prima facie case of discrimination - the burden shifts to D to produce a legit nondiscriminatory reason for the action.

4. Occurs when a person takes the property of another with intent to deprive them of it.

5. With the intent to defraud or injure or with knowledge that he is facilitating a fraud or injury to be perpetrated by anyone the actor alters any writing of another without his authority or utters any writing he knows to be forged.

6. An express warranty may be enforced by a third party beneficiary who was injured while a guest at the home of the purchaser of the goods to which the warranty applies.

7. There is a presumption of assent unless a director votes against the actions of the board and the dissent is recorded. May be recorded in minutes or by providing the secretary a written statement during or shortly after the meeting.

8. Standing requires an injury to P fairly traceable to the Ds conduct. An organization may have standing to sue on behalf of its members if the members would have standing - the interests it seeks to protect are germane to its purpose - and neither the

9. A privilege available to a newspaper for publication of accurate accounts of proceedings that may contain defamatory communications.

10. Marriage - in addition to the unities of time - title - interest and possession - is a necessary element in order for an estate to be held as tenants by the entireties.

11. The making of a false statement under oath during an official proceeding - when the statement is material and he does not believe it to be true.

12. Prospective clients who do not become actual clients are entitled to certain A/C privileges. Normally an attorney cannot represent a new client with a conflict against a prior prospective client if the lawyer received information in the consultation

13. A contract for a testamentary bequest will not be enforced unless the will contains material provisions of the contract - or there is an express reference in the will to the contract plus extrinsic evidence thereof - or there is a separate non-testam

14. Unless a contrary intent appears in the will - property passes subject to any security interest (mortgage) existing at the date of Ts death without any right of exoneration therefrom out of Ts estate.

15. Private security guards are private citizens and the restraints that are imposed upon govt. activities are not applicable to actions by private citizens. Therefore - a custodial interrogation done a private security guard w/o Miranda - is admissable

16. Occurs whenever a specific devise in a will of a property is frustrated by the fact that the T thereafter sells the property. Exceptions include incapacities - fires - casualties - and/or any balance due T on the purchase - condemnation - or foreclos

17. Attorney should analyze for potential conflict of interest. Attorney should advise clients of potential conflicts and obtain their informed consent. Once a direct conflict arises - the attorney should withdraw.

18. The right of election against the will of deceased spouse is 1/3 of the estate. The right of election can be waived in a prenuptial agreement - be forfeited by desertion - or be prohibited in certain circumstances when a divorce is pending.

19. The moving party must demonstrate that there is no genuine issue material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

20. Can be filed on behalf of the corporation. Demand must be made upon the corporate board unless injury will result to the corporation. Must be a shareholder to pursure a derivative action. Breach of fiduciary duty or breach of contract support the fil

21. To establish legal malpractice - client must establish: 1) employment of the attorney or other basis for a duty - 2) the failure of the attorney to exercise ordinary skill and knowledge - and 3) that such negligence was the proximate cause of damage

22. Alleged prior bad acts are not relevant and are inadmissible for impeachment. Convictions for robbery (w/i 10 years) are admissible to impeach (crime of dishonesty).

23. A completed gift requires intent to make a gift and actual or constructive delivery sufficient to divest the giver of all dominion and invest the recipient therewith. The transfer of the registration of stock ownership on the books of the corporation

24. Elements: 1) Does the restriction touch and concern the land; 2) is there intent to be bound (based on language - purposes and conditions surrounding the execution of the covenant). Actual notice to the successive owner of the existence of the covena

25. Conditional devise must be strictly construed and reasonable construction of language must be given in favor of beneficiary. A condition to a devise must be express and not implied.