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Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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Avg score: 67% • Most missed: “When a patient’s CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition center, …”
Changes in the structure and function of the kidneys and urinary tract can be associated with age, gender, illness, medicines, and other conditions. As people age, kidney function declines very slowly, but illness and other conditions can significantly degrade it.  Some problems that can affect the urinary system include: Bladder control issues: Such as leakage, urinary incontinence, or urinary retention Bladder and other urinary tract infections (UTIs): Usually caused by bacteria Enlarged prostate: Can make it difficult to empty the bladder in men Kidney infections: When a bladder... Show more
Pathophysiology Practice Test: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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23 Questions

1. An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for?
2. Mechanisms for defense against urinary pathogens in men include:
3. A 45-year-old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. What is the cause of this patient’s anemia?
4. A 35-year-old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing?
5. A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
6. The most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:
7. When a 42-year-old is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?
8. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
9. A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
10. While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:
11. Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:
12. A 75-year-old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis?
13. A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition?
14. When a patient’s CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition center, which condition would the nurse expect?
15. A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?
16. A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction. Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?
17. A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?
18. A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
19. A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?
20. Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?
21. A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria. These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?
22. What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?
23. When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?

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