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Physiology Practice Test: Chemical Messengers
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Chemical messengers are molecules that transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles.  Some types of chemical messengers include: Neurotransmitters: These are molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages. Hormones: These are chemicals that carry messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues. Neuropeptides Pheromones  Chemical messengers can also be local or paracrine. Autocrine agents: These are local chemical messengers that are released into the extracellular fluid and act upon the same cells that secreted them. Paracrine... Show more
Physiology Practice Test: Chemical Messengers
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25 Questions

1. Lipophilic hormones are transported in blood ________ and bind to receptors located ________.
2. If calcium channels open in the plasma membrane, calcium ions enter the cell.
3. Which of the following classes of chemical messengers travels in the bloodstream to the target cell?
4. An amplifier enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of a second messenger.
5. The function of a second messenger system is to ________.
6. Which of the following chemical messengers is lipophilic and is therefore able to cross the cell membrane?
7. Which of the following chemical messengers is NOT derived from an amino acid?
8. While in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, what is the initial polypeptide formed during protein synthesis called?
9. The body is able to synthesize the amino acids glutamate, aspartate, and glycine from ________.
10. Lipophilic chemical messengers are poorly soluble in water. However, many of these lipophilic messengers are transported throughout the body. Their transport in blood (water) is facilitated by ________.
11. Eicosanoids are released immediately upon synthesis.
12. What enzyme catalyzes synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid?
13. Steroid hormones are produced within cells and stored in vesicles until they are released.
14. Receptors for lipophilic chemical messengers are only located on the surface of a cellʹs membrane.
15. Cells that secrete dopamine must contain which enzymes?
16. In order to synthesize eicosanoids, ________ catalyzes the release of ________ from a membrane phospholipid.
17. Tyrosine is one of four amino acids that function directly as chemical messengers.
18. Progesterone is a precursor for the synthesis of ________.
19. Which of the following is NOT a process whereby calcium is functionally removed from the cytosol of a cell?
20. Chronic exposure to a ligand (messenger) ________ the receptor population for that chemical messenger on the target cell.
21. Which of the following classes of chemical messengers moves to the target cell by diffusion?
22. All catecholamine-secreting cells synthesize dopamine.
23. The higher concentration of messenger, the greater the response in the target cell.
24. All the messengers function as neurotransmitters for which of the following chemical classes?
25. Which of the following describes ion channels that are coupled to membrane receptors such that their gating properties (opening and closing) are altered by messenger binding.