1. What is required for normal perfusion to occur?

2. For a patient breathing in room air, the EMT would estimate the FiO2 to be:

3. Which situation would most likely cause a patient to have a simple episode of syncope (fainting)?

4. A drop in blood pressure below a critical threshold is a threat to the body because it directly impairs:

5. A patient with a low blood sugar is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His breathing is labored and his pulse is rapid and weak. Examination of the skin reveals it to be cool and diaphoretic. Your partner informs you of the following vital signs: pulse, 120; respirations, 18 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/60 mmHg; and SpO2 at 84% on room air. Which action would you perform first?

6. Normal cellular metabolism can be defined as:

7. What is the best description of minute ventilation?

8. Which condition is recognized as one that will affect the ventilation component of the ventilation/perfusion ratio?

9. For a patient who relies on the hypoxic drive to breathe, the respiratory rate will increase when:

10. What is the protective mechanism underlying a narrowed pulse pressure?

11. What is the actual site of attachment of oxygen in the red blood cell?

12. Assessment of a hypoxic patient who is showing signs of fatigue and has a history of lung disease reveals him to be using well-developed accessory muscles to exhale. As an EMT, you should recognize that the patient:

13. While completing some clinical time in the hospital for his EMT class, an EMT student observed a patient being administered an IV fluid with a high oncotic pressure. Once this fluid is in the patient's body, the EMT student would expect which action to occur?

14. The EMT would most likely see a narrowed pulse pressure in a patient who:

15. A patient who is hypoxic has a pulmonary disease that involves low lung compliance. With this condition, you realize that:

16. A patient with asthma is extremely short of breath and hypoxic. Related to the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q), the EMT would recognize the problem as related to:

17. Which condition is most likely to cause acidosis?

18. A patient with liver disease has a low platelet count. Which additional finding would the EMT directly correlate to this condition?

19. For a patient who is acutely bleeding, what is the immediate response of the human body?

20. An unresponsive patient with a pulse is breathing with very shallow respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which intervention would be most beneficial for this patient?

21. You and the critical care transport team are taking a critically ill patient to another hospital. Among many IV infusions and monitors, the patient is also on a ventilator. You note that the FDO2 is set at 0.50. What does this mean?

22. A 20-year-old female patient has called 911 for chest pain. On scene, you find that she has shallow breathing with an SpO2 reading of 91% on room air. She states she was in a car crash yesterday and diagnosed in the hospital with broken ribs. Her pain is right where the ribs are broken, and she rates the pain as a 10/10. Breath sounds are present bilaterally. In this situation, the EMT should attribute the hypoxia to which cause?

23. Which statement about chemoreceptors in the human body is true?

24. A patient has failure of the left side of his heart. Consequently, his blood is backing up into the pulmonary artery and seeping into the lung tissue, causing the patient to be short of breath and moderately hypoxic. The EMT should recognize this condition as a product of:

25. A patient who is weak informs you that she has a history of her 'iron being too low.' This should concern the EMT because iron is needed to: