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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Environmental Emergencies
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Environmental emergencies can include a variety of patient presentations, such as heat and cold exposure, toxic envenomation, exposure to allergens, and noxious plants.  Here are some symptoms of environmental emergencies: Hyperthermia: Elevated core temperature, muscle cramps, altered mental status, weakness, headache, nausea or vomiting, rapid, strong pulse at first, which deteriorates into thready pulse, deep, rapid breathing at first, which deteriorates into shallow and weak breathing, skin that is cool and moist during early stages, skin that is hot at late stages,... Show more
Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Handling Environmental Emergencies
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25 Questions

1. The EMT should recognize which of these patients is experiencing generalized hypothermia?
2. A 31-year-old groundskeeper has been stung by bees three times in his right arm and twice to his left ankle. After performing the primary and secondary assessments, which reveal no acute disturbances, what should you do next?
3. Which sign or symptom best indicates that the patient with cold skin is experiencing generalized hypothermia?
4. You are on scene with a patient who has a freezing cold injury. The patient stated that he had no sensation in his hand or fingers prior to the initiation of a rewarming process. You have subsequently begun rewarming his hand and fingers. Which of these statements made by the patient following the rewarming process is of greatest concern?
5. The EMT shows that he understands the danger of heat stroke when he states:
6. You have been called to a residence for a spider bite. On scene, the homeowner states that he was moving some boxes in his garage when he accidentally grabbed a spider and it bit him. He killed the spider and shows you a brown-colored spider with a 'violin shape' on its back. He then states that the bite does not hurt and he sees no need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should state:
7. A patient with hypothermia is alert and confused, but complains of left arm pain. His friends found him outside, where the patient spent the night after he got drunk and passed out in the cold. It appears as though he has a localized freezing cold injury to the arm in question. In caring for this patient, which of these treatments would be acceptable?
8. Medical direction has ordered you to begin rewarming an unresponsive patient with a core temperature of 93°F. Which of these measures would most benefit this patient?
9. A patient has been bitten by an unidentified snake. Which of these statements made by the patient would lead the EMT to believe that the snake was poisonous?
10. A person is in a hot environment and his body is successfully compensating to off-load excess heat. Which assessment findings best illustrate this process?
11. You have been called to a park for a teenage boy who is 'sick.' On scene, you find a 16- year-old male patient who knows his name but is confused about place and time. Friends state that they have been playing basketball most of the morning and afternoon. The temperature is in the 90s and the humidity is high. The patient's airway is patent and his breathing is fast but adequate. His pulse is weak and rapid. Observation of his skin reveals it to be pale, cool, and moist. Oxygen is being administered via nonrebreather face mask by Emergency First Responders. Which other step would be appropriate care for this patient?
12. Which of these statements made by your EMT partner would require immediate correction when treating a patient with hypothermia and a deep freezing cold injury to his left foot, ankle, and lower leg?
13. You are giving a talk on hunting safety. A hunter asks you when someone should attempt to rewarm a hand or foot that is frostbitten. What is your best response?
14. A 43-year-old male patient has removed a tick from his arm prior to your arrival. He is refusing all care at this time. Which of these statements made by the EMT would be most appropriate?
15. A young female patient was weeding her garden when she was bitten on her left hand by an unidentified snake. The primary assessment does not reveal any life threats and vital signs are stable. In caring for this patient and her injury, it is critical that the EMT:
16. Bystanders have called 911 for a female patient who lives on the street. She has been outside in the cold all night and is muttering incomprehensible words. Her airway is open and her breathing is adequate. Her skin is cold, and a radial pulse is present but weak. What should the EMT do next?
17. A patient with hypothermia is in cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is applied and delivers one shock. Following the shock, what should the EMT do next?
18. Which of these statements made by an EMT shows that he understands the care of a patient with a freezing cold injury to the foot?
19. A patient is confused and combative after playing football in the open sun on an extremely hot day. On the field, you find his airway open, respirations tachypneic but adequate, and radial pulse rapid. The patient's skin is hot and dry. After deciding whether to provide spine motion restriction precautions, your next action would be to:
20. A patient has been bitten by a nonpoisonous grass snake. Your care would include:
21. You are first to arrive at the side of a pond where a boy playing hockey has fallen through the ice. The child is holding onto the ice at the edge of the break and has a distressed look on his face. Your immediate action would be to:
22. You have been called to a football practice field on a very hot day for a heat-related emergency. On scene, you find a young male patient panting and lying under a tree. His skin is flushed, and teammates are continually wiping the sweat off his face, arms, and chest with towels. Which of these statements to his teammates would be most appropriate?
23. A young man has been struck by lightning on a golf course and is in cardiac arrest. Other golfers say that he was struck 8-10 minutes ago. What should the EMT do immediately?
24. In which of these settings will sweating be less effective as a means to cool the body?
25. You have been asked by your medical director to put together an emergency kit specifically for patients who have been stung or bitten by small marine life animals. Which of these items should you place in that kit?