Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Vital Signs, Monitoring Devices, and History Taking | Practice Test / Quiz / MCQs

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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Vital Signs, Monitoring Devices, and History Taking

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EMTs use a variety of devices to monitor vital signs, including: stethoscope, thermometer, sphygmomanometer, pulse oximeter, external defibrillator, chest compressor, blood pressure cuff, cardiac monitoring device, tweezers, forceps, magnifiers, and penlights. The five vital signs that EMTs obtain are: respiration, pulse, skin, blood pressure, and pupils. Some literature suggests considering pulse oximetry as the sixth vital sign. Vital signs are a crucial aspect of physiotherapy assessment, screening for potential red flags, and to guide treatment. Here are some of the seven vital... Show more

EMTs use a variety of devices to monitor vital signs, including: stethoscope, thermometer, sphygmomanometer, pulse oximeter, external defibrillator, chest compressor, blood pressure cuff, cardiac monitoring device, tweezers, forceps, magnifiers, and penlights.

The five vital signs that EMTs obtain are: respiration, pulse, skin, blood pressure, and pupils.
Some literature suggests considering pulse oximetry as the sixth vital sign.
Vital signs are a crucial aspect of physiotherapy assessment, screening for potential red flags, and to guide treatment.
Here are some of the seven vital signs: Body temperature, Respiration rate, Weight, and Blood glucose level.

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Prehospital Emergency Care Practice Test: Vital Signs, Monitoring Devices, and History Taking

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1. The EMT is correct when he makes which of these statements about assessment of the pupils?

'Constricted pupils are less of a concern than are dilated pupils.' 'Dilated pupils are less of a concern than pupils that are constricted.''If a patient's pupils are dilated but react to light, the pupillary exam is considered normal.''Some people naturally have unequal pupils, but both should react to light.'

2. Which of these findings related to breathing would be most concerning to the EMT in an adult patient?

Respiratory rate of 20, use of accessory muscles Respiratory rate of 22, normal chest wall expansionRespiratory rate of 18, complaint of weaknessRespiratory rate of 10, chest expansion of about 1 inch

3. A mother has called 911 because her 2-year-old daughter is fussy and not eating. When assessing the toddler, what would be the best indication of her perfusion status?

Auscultation of breath sounds Palpated blood pressureHeart rateSkin color and temperature

4. Which of these patients should the EMT recognize as having a normal skin temperature?

A 25-year-old female who is dizzy with cool skinAn 88-year-old male who is weak with cool and dry skin A 36-year-old male complaining of nausea with warm skinA 47-year-old female with chest pain and warm-to-hot skin

5. As you enter the scene of a medical emergency, the Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient is not breathing and has pupils that are fixed and dilated. Based on this description, what do you expect to see when you reach the patient's side?

The patient has a past medical history of blindnessNeither pupil will react when light is directed into the eyes Both pupils are large and change shape in response to lightThe patient must wear corrective lenses

6. When obtaining a blood pressure, the EMT listens for a pulse over which blood vessel?

Radial arteryCarotid vesselAntecubital veinBrachial artery

7. Where would the EMT palpate for a popliteal pulse?

Posterior ankleTop of foot Upper armBehind the knee

8. When you are applying the pulse oximeter sensor to a patient's finger, he asks you what this device is for. Your response would be:

'It measures the amount of oxygen being carried by your blood cells.''It allows us to monitor your blood pressure and respiratory status.' 'It provides us with the most accurate measure of your heart rate.''It tells us how well your heart is pumping blood.'

9. While reviewing a patient care report for a quality assurance process, the EMT should recognize that a blood pressure has been palpated when she sees:

118/178 (palpated)P / 118178 / P Palp: 178/118 mmHg

10. During the primary assessment of a geriatric patient complaining of shortness of breath and fever, you quickly locate the radial pulse. What should you do next?

Establish the patient's level of consciousness Obtain a blood pressureAssess the patient's breathingDetermine the rate and quality of the pulse

11. The EMT should recognize normal skin color in a healthy patient as:

WhiteWarmPink Red

12. You determine a patient's heart rate to be 48 beats/min. That heart rate would be categorized as:

NormalBradycardicTachypneicTachycardic

13. You observe your partner correctly obtaining a patient's blood pressure when he:

Inflates the cuff maximally prior to slowly deflating and listening for a pulsePlaces the stethoscope under the cuff and deflates it Deflates the cuff 2 mmHg per second while listening with a stethoscopeStops inflation and starts deflation as soon as the carotid pulse disappears

14. You cannot obtain a reading on the pulse oximeter after applying the sensor to the patient's finger. What would be the most common reason for this difficulty?

The patient's hands are coldThe patient is hypertensiveThe patient's oxygen saturation is less than 90% The patient's pulse is faster than 100 beats per minute

15. When obtaining vital signs for a 67-year-old male patient with dizziness and nausea, your partner states that the pulse seems to disappear periodically when the patient takes a deep breath. As a knowledgeable EMT, your best response would be:

'Let's move the patient to the stretcher for transport. That is an early sign of cardiac arrest.''Given the patient's age, that is a typical finding and not an immediate concern.''That finding is important because it suggests the radial artery is partially blocked.' 'That is an important finding. We will have to let the doctor know about it.'

16. An EMT student asks you if it matters whether the blood pressure cuff seems too small for a patient, if a reading can still be obtained. You should respond:

'As long as the radial pulse remains intact, the cuff size is irrelevant.' 'Using a cuff that is too small can cause damage to the blood vessels.''As long as the reading is obtained, it should be accurate.''Cuffs that are too small provide inaccurately high readings.'

17. A patient with liver cancer exhibits a yellow discoloration to his entire body. The EMT would correctly document this condition as:

Flushed PallorCyanoticJaundice

18. A pulse oximetry reading obtained on room air is considered normal when it is:

100 percentGreater than 90 percentGreater than 97 percentGreater than 75 percent

19. A family has called 911 for a 41-year-old male family member whom they cannot wake up. They state he has been threatening to kill himself and believe that he may have intentionally overdosed on his pain medications. As you enter the patient's bedroom, you observe him supine on the floor with his eyes closed. As he breathes, you hear snoring respirations. As a knowledgeable EMT, you recognize that this condition is likely caused by:

The tongue partially blocking the airwayThe airway swelling shutThe nasopharynx being blocked by mucus or heavy secretionsThe respiratory rate being less than 10 breaths/min

20. Your partner is having a difficult time determining normal and abnormal blood pressures for a child. Which of these statements will help him most?

'Any systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mmHg in a child is an emergency.''It is helpful to ask the parent or caregiver what is normal for the child and compare your reading to that.' 'A minimally acceptable systolic pressure can be estimated by doubling the child's age and adding it to 70.''Since pediatric emergencies are less common than adult emergencies, it is best to call medical direction and ask what is normal.'

21. Which of these statements indicates an appropriate understanding of palpating a blood pressure?

'A palpated blood pressure is typically a little lower than a blood pressure obtained by auscultation.''Palpated blood pressure is the technique of choice when the patient has a cardiac complaint.''A palpated blood pressure is recorded when the brachial pulse fades out as the BP cuff is deflated.''It is best to determine a palpated blood pressure using a stethoscope and pulse oximeter.'

22. Which of these blood pressure readings is normal for a 7-year-old male?

94/30 mmHg 76/50 mmHg120/80 mmHg114/62 mmHg

23. Which of these characteristics would be considered a pulse 'quality' factor?

RateRegularityStrengthTone

24. The EMT recognizes which heart rate would be considered normal for a 24-year-old male patient who is resting comfortably?

110 beats/min62 beats/min54 beats/min124 beats/min

25. Which of these pieces of information would be obtained by the EMT when getting a history using the SAMPLE mnemonic?

No life threats to the airway, breathing, or circulationPulse, 144; respiration, 16 breaths/min; BP, 132/88 mmHgReason for calling for an ambulanceSensation of dizziness prior to falling

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