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USMLE Gastrointestinal System Question Bank

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The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the system of organs that allows for the consumption and digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste in the form of fecal matter.

USMLE Gastrointestinal System Question Bank

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25 Questions

1. What are features of primary biliary cholangitis? 2. What is seen microscopically? 3. What AB is strongly associated with PBC?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Inactivation of tumor suppressors. 2. Downregulation of MHC type 1 molecules and expression of angiogenic factors.1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign

2. What drug is used to treat hepatic enephalopathy? 2. How does it work?

1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Inactivation of tumor suppressors. 2. Downregulation of MHC type 1 molecules and expression of angiogenic factors.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

3. What test is diagnostic of acute calculous cholecystitis? 2. What findings are needed for diagnosis of acute cholecystitis?

4. What is a main factor in tumorigenesis in many carcinomas? 2. What is an important factor for tumor progression?

1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Inactivation of tumor suppressors. 2. Downregulation of MHC type 1 molecules and expression of angiogenic factors.1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

5. What is Meclizine?

1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.H1 antagonist used to treat motion sickness and vertigo not used in chemo associated Nausea.

6. What part of the bowel is always involved in Hirschsprung disease?

1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. The distal rectum.1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign

7. What is Scopolamine?

1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy signAnti muscarinic agent and anti emetic used for motion sickness.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

8. Benign serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are associated with a mutation of what gene?

1. VHL: Von Hippel Lindau1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

9. Removal of the duodenum would increase the secretion of what after the operation?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.-Increase of gastric acid since gastric acid detected in the duodenum provides negative feedback via release of secretin, somatostatin and PGE2 and GIP. -Also a decrease in CCK1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

10. What is diphenoxylate + atropine used for?

Antidiarrheal agent causes decrease in peristalsis.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

11. Who is hepatocellular adenoma most common in?

Rare benign tumor most commonly seen in women who use estrogens.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

12. What is Menetrier disease? 2. How does in commonly present? 3. What chemical in body is increased in it? 4. What are some potential complications?

1. Hyperplastic gastropathy with enlarged rugal folds due to increased proliferation of mucus producing cells. 2. Protein losing enteropathy 3. TGF-alpha 4. Peripheral edema + hypoalbuminemia1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

13. What organism is most common cause of food-borne illness after eating foods like ham, potato salad, cream pastries? 2. How does this organism cause this illness?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Staphylococcus aureus. 2. Enterotoxin A = nausea and vomiting within few hours seldomly diarrhea.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

14. Growth on sorbitol MacConkey seperates which pathogens from each other?

1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.EHEC and the other E coli strains. EHEC is only strain that does not ferment sorbital1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign

15. What are the retroperotineal organs?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB-Duodenum but the first 2 cm -Pancreas but the tail -Ascending/descending colon -Rectum -Anal canal -Kidney/adrenals -Ureter -Aorta -IVC1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign

16. What is a Zenker diverticulum?

1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. False diverticulum that forms at killians triangle between inferior constrictor muscle and the cricopharyngeus.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

17. An infant presenting with jaundice at 5 weeks that slowly developed since birth and has elevated AST/ALT and conjugated bilirubin most likely has what condition?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Biliary atresia excerbated by rotavirus infection1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

18. What is pernicious anemia? 2. What is it associated with?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Megaloblastic anemia due to atrophic gastritis 2. Failure of IF production that caues B12 deficiency.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign

19. What pathogen causes typhoid fever? 2. What are its clinical features?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Salmonella enterica typhi 2. -Fever -Abdo rash = Rose spots -Splenomegally -Rarely bloody diarrhea1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

20. What is a cause of acute self limiting watery diarrhea caused after eating raw oysters? 2. What are other features? 3. Treatment?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Vibrio Vulnificus 2. Fever, chills, hypotension, fluid filled blisters that can lead to muscle necrosis. 3. Doxycycline + cefotaxime1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

21. What is the most common symptom first experienced in pancreatic cancer?

1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.Epigastric pain Tumor starts in pancreatic head and invades local structures and nerves causinng back or epigastric pain1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

22. What is pernicious anemia? 2. What are complications of it? 3. What sort of anemia is it? 4. What gastrointestinal hormones are most likely to be elevated? 5. What other conditions are associated with pernicious anemia?

1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Auto immune condition with formation of anti-parietal cell and anti intrinsic factor antibodies. 2. Can cause chronic atrophic gastritis, achlorhydria (low HCL). 3. Megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils. 4. Gastrin 5. Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

23. What is a not surgical treatment for biliary colic caused by cholelithiasis?

1. Ursodiol = dec cholesterol synthesis and secretion into bile. Helps dissolve cholesterol gallstones.1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign

24. A man on dialysis misses two treatments and has nausea and epigastric pain and then starts vomiting non-bilious, food related material. Endoscopy shows patches of erythematous mucosa with scattered petechia are seen. 1. What type of gastritis is this? 2. In this particular case what is the likely cause of this?

1. Acute gastritis. 2. Uremia which results in disruption of gastric mucosa and causes GI bleeding.1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.

25. Which artery arise from aorta at around level of T12? 2. Which organ supplied by this artery is derived from mesoderm?

1. HIDA scan (cholescintigraphy) uses technetium-99m 2. Gall bladder wall thickening, edema, or songogrpahic murphy sign1. Celiac trunk 2. Spleen1. Lactulose 2. Lactulose metabolized by gut flora producing H+ cations that bind to NH3 to form NH4 which is not absorable by the GIT and gets excreted.1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Increased ALP. 2. Chronic granulomatous inflammation around medium sized intrahepatic bile ducts. 3. Anti mitochondrial AB

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com