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Biology STAAR Genetics Review
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Biology STAAR Genetics Review
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25 Questions

1.
chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding places (one homologous chromosome is inherited from the mother; the other from the father)

2.
a trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome

3.
a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

4.
the entire 'library' of genetic instructions in DNA that an organism inherits

5.
the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by the genotype (the expressed trait such as brown eyes)

6.
DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria

7.
fertilized egg

8.
when one allele is not completely dominant over the other, or blending occurs (ex. Red + White = Pink)

9.
second filial generation is the generation resulting from a cross between two F1 individuals

10.
process by which two cells from different parent unite to produce the first cell of a new organism

11.
an individual's unique sequence of DNA base pairs, determined by exposing a sample of the person's DNA to molecular probes

12.
DNA produced by combining DNA from different organisms (DNA is cut out of one organism and recombined with another organism's DNA)

13.
term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (ex. Bb)

14.
a type of cell division that results in four genetically different daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (also known as reduction division)

15.
term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes (Humans N = 23)

16.
one that has artificially acquired one or more genes from the same or different species

17.
states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

18.
the most common error in meiosis and occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate

19.
body cell (non-sex cell)

20.
parental generation is the first generation involving two individuals that are mated to predict or analyze the genotypes of their offspring

21.
offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents; opposite of purebred

22.
a mutation that reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome

23.
a one-trait cross (ex. color)

24.
a two-trait cross (ex. color & shape)

25.
a mutation that involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome

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