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Grade 12 Biology: Final Exam Review

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Grade 12 Biology: Final Exam Review

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1. Denaturing

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.Process that results in removal of water and allows monomers to join to form polymers by making covalent bonds. Ex., 1) glucose + glucose --------> sucrose + water | 2) monomers of glucose are arranged in different ways to make polymers of starch, or glycogen or cellulose.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

2. non-competitive inhibition

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)Process that results in removal of water and allows monomers to join to form polymers by making covalent bonds. Ex., 1) glucose + glucose --------> sucrose + water | 2) monomers of glucose are arranged in different ways to make polymers of starch, or glycogen or cellulose.

3. Osmosis

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)Process that results in removal of water and allows monomers to join to form polymers by making covalent bonds. Ex., 1) glucose + glucose --------> sucrose + water | 2) monomers of glucose are arranged in different ways to make polymers of starch, or glycogen or cellulose.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

4. Dyhydration Synthesis

5. pinocytosis

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)'cell drinking' small particles and liquids are taken into the cell

6. Golgi Bodies

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)Packages Proteins For Cell Use, Also Called Golgi Apparatus And Golgi ComplexThis is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.

7. guanine

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.

8. Saturated

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)Maximum number of bonds made by each molecule.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

9. Diffusion

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.the movement of molecules from a region of high to low concentration (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

10. Cell Wall

Shapes And Supports A Plant Cellinhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

11. Antibodies

inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.Also known as an immunoglobulin; A large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses (Police handcuffs and takes down a bad guy pewpew)

12. Helicase

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)Enzyme that cuts hydrogen bonds between complimentary nucleotidesinhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.

13. Triose sugar

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)3 carbon atoms in monosaccharide.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

14. Glycogen

The polysaccharide found in animal cells, used a long-term storage of carbohydrates. Stored mainly in muscle cells for use during times with high demand for energy. Composed of alpha glucose monomers.This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

15. pressure gradient affects rate of diffusion

inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)greater the pressure, quicker the diffusionThis is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

16. Nucleotide

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.A monomer consisting of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar and an organic base.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

17. Quaternary structure

inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.The shape of more than one polypeptide joined together.

18. Pentose sugar

5 carbon atoms in a monosaccharide.This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

19. Iodine

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)Chemical that tests for starch- turns blue black.This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

20. Starch

The polysaccharide stored in amyloplasts in plant cells, used as a long-term energy storage. Consists of amylose and amylopectin. Turns blue-black with iodine. Composed of alpha glucose monomers.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

21. Antigen

A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodiesdiffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.

22. nucleotide

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)BBB (basic building block) - monomer of nucleic acids made up of 3 parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous baseinhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

23. Right Atrium

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through superior & inferior vena cavaeThis is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.inhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)

24. chemical equation for cellular respiration

25. activation energy

This is when the active site of an enzyme changes shape because of temperature or pH, so the enzyme can no longer catalyse the reaction.diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration | hypotonic - water enter cells (cell swell or lysis - deplasmolysis) | isotonic - water enter and exit cell at the same rate (cell remain the same) | hypertonic - water exit cell (cell shank or lysis - plasmolysis) | (NO ENERGY REQUIRED)E(a) - the energy needed by molecules so that when they collide they will collide with enough energy for a reaction to happeninhibitors attach to enzymes at an alternate location instead of the active site - the enzyme will change its shape and likely effect function (slow down)

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
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