A 4-month-old infant is to receive the second diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTaP) immunization. The nurse reviews the infant's medical history before administering the vaccine. What information in the infant's history will influence the decision whether to administer the vaccine?a. Allergy to eggsb. Lactose intolerancec. Infectious dermatitisd. High fever after the first dose

1. A 4-month-old infant is to receive the second diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTaP) immunization. The nurse reviews the infant's medical history before administering the vaccine. What information in the infant's history will influence the decision whether to administer the vaccine?

a. Allergy to eggs

b. Lactose intolerance

c. Infectious dermatitis

d. High fever after the first dose

D!

A temperature of 105° F (40.5° C) or higher after a DTaP immunization is a contraindication to further DTaP immunizations. An allergy to eggs is not a contraindication to the administration of the DTaP vaccine because eggs are not used in the production of the vaccine. Lactose intolerance is not a contraindication to the administration of DTaP vaccine; nor is infectious dermatitis.

B!

A stage II pressure ulcer is a partial-thickness ulceration of epidermis or dermis; it presents as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater, has a red/pink wound bed, has no tissue sloughing, and may have an intact/open serum filled blister. A stage I ulcer has tissue injury with a purple or maroon localized area of intact skin or blood-filled blister; the area may be firm, boggy, warmer, cooler, or painful in comparison with nearby tissue. A stage III pressure ulcer has full-thickness ulceration involving the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; sloughing may be present, it presents as a deep crater with or without undermining, and bone, tendon, or muscle are not exposed. A stage IV pressure ulcer involves full-thickness skin loss and damage to muscle, bone, or tendon; sloughing or eschar may be present on parts of the wound bed, and it often includes undermining and tunneling.
B!

Toddlers play independently but beside other children; they are aware of the other children, often grabbing toys from them, but do not socially interact with them. Group play is characteristic of older children. Dramatic play or acting is characteristic of older children, starting at the preschool age; they assume and act out roles. Cooperative play is also characteristic of older children, starting at the preschool age; they learn to share, wait their turn, and become sensitive to their peer's needs.
A, C, & E!

Developmentally, adolescents have a drive for independence, an inclination for risk-taking, and a feeling of indestructibility. These traits increase the risk for injury. If one develops problems in the water, the buddy can secure help. Using well-traveled walkways reduces the risk for being alone and overcome by an individual who wishes to do harm. Refusing to play 'chicken' helps the student avoid him- or herself in dangerous situations from which the student cannot retreat. Beer is alcohol, and its intake, and that of all types of alcohol, should be discouraged; when one is under the influence of alcohol, reaction time and judgment decrease and the risk for injury increases. Smoking should be discouraged to decrease the risk for respiratory disease.