The mother of a 6-week-old infant asks the nurse at the pediatric clinic why, with the exception of hepatitis B, her baby's immunizations will not be started until the infant is 2 months old. How should the nurse respond?a. Vaccines cause disease in younger infants' bodies.b. Younger infants rarely are exposed to infectious diseases.c. Insufficient antibodies are produced by younger infants' spleens.d. Maternal antibodies interfere with younger infants' antibody production.

1. The mother of a 6-week-old infant asks the nurse at the pediatric clinic why, with the exception of hepatitis B, her baby's immunizations will not be started until the infant is 2 months old. How should the nurse respond?

a. Vaccines cause disease in younger infants' bodies.

b. Younger infants rarely are exposed to infectious diseases.

c. Insufficient antibodies are produced by younger infants' spleens.

d. Maternal antibodies interfere with younger infants' antibody production.

B!

A respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min is abnormal and needs to be treated immediately. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and antidote and is used in PCA protocols for posoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression. According to protocol, PCA status also needs to be documented every 2 hours for the first day and then every 4 hours. Pain level also is a part of the PCA documentation protocol. The rapid response team might still need to be called, but naloxone must be given first.

The Sacrum

The sacrum bears the most pressure because it is the focal point of the weight of the body when in the low-Fowler position; also, shearing forces may cause local tissue trauma. Although other areas of the body are vulnerable, they do not bear as much body weight as the sacrum when the client is in the low-Fowler position.
D!

The passive antibodies to the organisms that cause diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis received from the mother have diminished by 8 weeks of age and no longer interfere with the development of active immunity after this age. Vaccines contain attenuated viruses; they may cause irritability and fever, but they do not cause the related disease. Infants are exposed to infectious diseases; passive immunity from the mother offers some protection. The spleen does not produce antibodies.
B!

Maternal antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella infection persist in the infant until approximately 15 months of age. Side effects are no more common among infants than in toddlers. The measles vaccination does not interfere with the effectiveness of other vaccines. Although the measles, mumps, and rubella do occasionally occur after the administration of the MMR vaccine during the first year of life, the vaccine is not given during this time because of the presence of maternal antibodies.