Missy is given this problem:Mt. Washington is lower than Mt. Jefferson.Mt. Washington is higher than Mt. Adams.Which mountain is highest?Missy reads the fourth word incorrectly—she thinks the word is higher rather than lower—and consequently answers the problem incorrectly. From an information processing perspective, Missy’s difficulty is due to:

Transfer of learning means the use of previously acquired knowledge and skills in new learning or problem-solving situations. Thereby similarities and analogies between previous and actual learning content and processes may play a crucial role.  Types of Transfer are: Positive transfer - when learning in one context enhances a related performance in another context. Negative Transfer - when learning in one context undermines a related performance in another context. Near transfer - transfer between very similar but not identical contexts. Problem solving: The process of defining a... Show more

Transfer of learning means the use of previously acquired knowledge and skills in new learning or problem-solving situations. Thereby similarities and analogies between previous and actual learning content and processes may play a crucial role. 

Types of Transfer are:

Positive transfer - when learning in one context enhances a related performance in another context.
Negative Transfer - when learning in one context undermines a related performance in another context.
Near transfer - transfer between very similar but not identical contexts.

Problem solving: The process of defining a problem, determining its cause, identifying and prioritizing alternatives for a solution, and implementing a solution.
Critical thinking: The ability to interpret, evaluate, and analyze facts and information to form a judgment or decide if something is right or wrong. 
Critical thinking involves the ability to analyze and evaluate information in order to make sound decisions and solve problems effectively. Problem-solving skills are considered to be an essential component of critical thinking development. 

Here are some steps for problem solving, and critical thinking:
Realize there is a problem
Understand the nature of the problem
Compile relevant information
Formulate and carry out a solution
Evaluate the solution 

Show less